Cross Index Gluconobacter
SuperSet Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram-Negative Aerobic/ Microaerophilic Rods and Cocci
Compare AAcetobacter, Acidiphilium, Acidomonas methanolica, Acidothermus cellulolyticus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Afipia, Agrobacterium, Agromonas oligotrophica, Alcaligenes, Alteromonas, Aminobacter, Aquaspirillum, Azomonas, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azotobacter, Bacteroides, Beijerinckia, Bordetella, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Brucella, Chromohalobacter marismortui, Chryseomonas luteola, Comamonas, Cupriavidus necator, Deleya, Derxia gummosa, Ensifer adherans, Erythrobacter longus, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, Flavobacterium, Francisella, Frateuria aurantica, Gluconobacter, Halomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Janthinobacterium lividum, Kingella, Lampropedia hyalina, Legionella, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Marinomonas, Mesophilobacter marinus, Methylobacillus glycogenes, Methylobacterium, Methylococcus, Methylomonas, Methylophaga, Methylophilus, Methylovorus glucosotrophus, Moraxella, Morococcus cerebrosus, Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Oceanospirillum, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Oligella, Paracoccus, Phenylobacterium immobile, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter immobilis, Rhizobacter daucus, Rhizobium, Rhizomonas suberifaciens, Rochalimaea, Roseobacter, Rugomonas rubra, Serpens, Sinorhizobium, Sphingobacterium, Taylorella equigenitalis, Thermoleophilum, Thermomicrobium, Thermus, Variovorax paradoxus, Volcaniella eurhalina, Weeksella, Wolinella, Xanthobacter, Xanthomonas, Xyella fastidiosa, Xylophilus ampelinus, Zoogloea ramigera
Contrast Archaea
Subset  

 

Morphology Gluconobacter
CELLULAR  
Staining Gram-negative (in a few cases Gram-variable).
Morphology Cells ellipsoidal to rod shaped, 0.5-0.8 x 0.9-4.2 um, occurring singly and/or in pairs, rarely in chanisn. Enlarged, irregular cell forms (involution forms) may occur.
Motility Motile or nonmotile; if motile, the cells have 3-8 polar flagella, rarely a single flagellum.
Specialized structures Nonsporing.
Division  
COLONIAL  
Solid surface Colonies are pale.
Liquid  

 

Growth Parameters Gluconobacter
PHYSIOLOGICAL  
Tropism Chemoorganotrophic. Oxidize ethanol to acetic acid.* Do not oxidize acetate or lactate to CO2 and H2O
Oxygen Obligately aerobic, having a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor
pH Optimum pH, 5.5-6.0; most strains will grow at pH 3.6
Temperature Optimum temperature, 25=30`C; no growth at 37'C
Requirements  
Products Strong ketogenesis occurs from poly- alcohols. Acid formation from D-glucose and D-xylose is pronounced (pH < 4.5). All strains produce 2-ketogluconic acid from D-glucose, and the majority of strains also form 5- ketogluconic acid. No acid production or growth occurs on lactose or starch
Enzymes Strongly catalase-positive. Oxidase-negative. Negative for nitrate reduction, gelatin liquefaction, indole production and H2S formation.
Unique features  
ENVIRONMENTAL  
Habitat Gluconobacter strains occur in flowers, garden soil baker's yeast, honey bees, fruits, cider, beer, wine, wine vinegar, South African Bantu beer, palmsap and soft
Lifestyle  
Pathogenicity They cause pink disease in pineapple and rot in apples and pears.
Distribution  

 

Genome Gluconobacter
G+C Mol % 56-64
   

 

Reference Gluconobacter
First citation Asai,T.(1935) Taxonomic studies on acetic acid bacteria and allied oxidative bacteria isolated from fruits, A new classification of the oxidative bacteria. J. Agr. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 11:499-513,610-620,674-708.
Emended Asai, T., H. Lizuka and K. Komaqata. 1964. The flagellation and taxonomy of the genera Gluconobacter and Acetobacter with reference to the existence of intermediate strains. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol 10: 95-126
The Prokaryotes p
Bergey's Systematatic p 275 J. De |Ley and J. Swings
Bergey's Determinative p 84
References