Cross Index Agrobacterium
SuperSet Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram-Negative Aerobic/ Microaerophilic Rods and Cocci
Compare Acetobacter, Acidiphilium, Acidomonas methanolica, Acidothermus cellulolyticus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Afipia, Agrobacterium, Agromonas oligotrophica, Alcaligenes, Alteromonas, Aminobacter, Aquaspirillum, Azomonas, Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azotobacter, Bacteroides, Beijerinckia, Bordetella, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Brucella, Chromohalobacter marismortui, Chryseomonas luteola, Comamonas, Cupriavidus necator, Deleya, Derxia gummosa, Ensifer adherans, Erythrobacter longus, Flavobacterium, Flavomonas oryzihabitans, Francisella, Frateuria aurantica, Gluconobacter, Halomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Janthinobacterium lividum, Kingella, Lampropedia hyalina, Legionella, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, Marinomonas, Mesophilobacter marinus, Methylobacillus glycogenes, Methylobacterium, Methylococcus, Methylomonas, Methylophaga, Methylophilus, Methylovorus glucosotrophus, Moraxella, Morococcus cerebrosus, Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Oceanospirillum, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Oligella, Paracoccus, Phenylobacterium immobile, Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter immobilis, Rhizobacter daucus, Rhizobium, Rhizomonas suberifaciens, Rochalimaea, Roseobacter, Rugomonas rubra, Serpens, Sinorhizobium, Sphingobacterium, Taylorella equigenitalis, Thermoleophilum, Thermomicrobium, Thermus, Variovorax paradoxus, Volcaniella eurhalina, Weeksella, Wolinella, Xanthobacter, Xanthomonas, Xyella fastidiosa, Xylophilus ampelinus, Zoogloea ramigera
Contrast Archaea
Subset  

 

Morphology Agrobacterium
CELLULAR  
Staining Gram-negative.
Morphology Rods, 0.6-1.0 um by 1.5-3.0 um, occurring singly or in pairs.
Motility Motile by 1-6 peritrichous flagella.
Specialized structures Nonsporing.
Division  
COLONIAL  
Solid surface Colonies are usually convex, circular, smooth, nonpigmented to light beige. Growth on carbohydrate-containing media is usually accompanied by copious extracellular polysaccaride slime.
Liquid  

 

Growth Parameters Agrobacterium
PHYSIOLOGICAL  
Tropism Chemoorganotrophs, utilizing a wide range of carbohydrates, salts of organic acids and amino acids as carbon sources, but not cellulose, starch, agar or chitin.
Oxygen Aerobic, possessing a respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Some strains are capable of anaerobic respiration in the presence of nitrate. Most strains are able to grow under reduced oxygen tensions in plant tissues.
pH  
Temperature Optimum temperature: 25-28`C
Requirements Ammonium salts and nitrates can serve as nitrogen sources for strains of some species and biovars; others require amino acids and additional growth factors
Products 3-Ketoglycosides are produced by the majority of strains belonging to A tumefaciens biovar l and A. radiobacter biovar l. Produce an acid reaction in minerals salts media containing D-glucose, D-galactose and other carbohydrates
Enzymes Catalase-positive, and usually oxidase- and urease-positive
Unique features  
ENVIRONMENTAL  
Habitat  
Lifestyle  
Pathogenicity With the exception of A. radiobacter, members of this genus invade the crown, roots and stems of a great variety of dicotyledonous and some gymnospermous plants, via wounds, causing the transformation of the plant cells into autonomously proliferating tumor cells. The induced plant diseases are commonly known as crown gall, hairy root and cane gall. Some strains possess a wide host range, whereas others (e.g. grapevine isolates) possess a very limited host range. The tumors are self-proliferating and graftable. Agrobacteria are soil inhabitants. Oncogenic strains occur mainly in soils previously contaminated with diseased plant material.

Some non oncogenic Agrobacterium strains have been isolated from human clinical specimens.

Distribution  

 

Genome Agrobacterium
G+C Mol % 57-63 (Tm)
  The molecular weight of the Agrobacterium genome ranges from 3.0 x 109-3.6 x 109.

The tumor induction by Agrobacterium is correlated with the presence of a large tumor-inducing plasmid (Ti-plasmid) in the bacterial cells.

 

Reference Agrobacterium
First citation Conn, H.J. 1942 Validity of the genus Alcaligenes J. Bacteriol 44:353-360
The Prokaryotes p
Bergey's Systematatic p 244 K. Kersters and J. De Ley
Bergey's Determinative p 74
References