Cross Index	Acetobacter
SuperSet	Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram-Negative Aerobic/ Microaerophilic Rods and Cocci,
Compare	Acetobacter, Acidiphilium, Acidomonas methanolica , Acidothermus cellulolyticus, Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Afipia , Agrobacterium, Agromonas oligotrophica , Alcaligenes, Alteromonas, Aminobacter , Aquaspirillum, Azomonas, Azorhizobium caulinodans , Azotobacter , Bacteroides ,Beijerinckia, Bordetella, Bradyrhizobium japonicum, Brucella, Chromohalobacter marismortui , Chryseomonas luteola , Comamonas , Cupriavidus necator , Deleya , Derxia gummosa, Ensifer adherans , Erythrobacter longus , Flavobacterium Flavomonas oryzihabitans , Francisella, Frateuria aurantica, Gluconobacter, Halomonas, Hydrogenophaga, Janthinobacterium lividum, Kingella, Lampropedia hyalina, Legionella, Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus , Marinomonas , Mesophilobacter marinus Methylobacillus glycogenes , Methylobacterium , Methylococcus, Methylomonas, Methylophaga , Methylophilus , Methylovorus glucosotrophus, Moraxella, Morococcus cerebrosus , Neisseriaceae, Neisseria, Oceanospirillum , Ochrobactrum anthropi , Oligella , Paracoccus, Phenylobacterium immobile , Phyllobacterium, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter immobilis , Rhizobacter daucus , Rhizobium, Rhizomonas suberifaciens , Rochalimaea, Roseobacter, Rugomonas rubra, Serpens, Sinorhizobium , Sphingobacterium, Taylorella equigenitalis, Thermoleophilum, Thermomicrobium, Thermus, Variovorax paradoxus, Volcaniella eurhalina , Weeksella, Wolinella Xanthobacter, Xanthomonas, Xyella fastidiosa , Xylophilus ampelinus, Zoogloea ramigera,
Contrast	Archaea
Subset

 

Morphology

Acetobacter

CELLULAR

Staining	Gram-negative (in a few cases Gram-variable).
Morphology	Cells ellipsoidal to rod shaped, straight or slightly curved, 0.6-0.8 um by 1.0-4.0 um, occurring singly, in pairs or in chains. Involution forms frequent in some strains; may be spherical, elongated, swollen, club shaped, curved or filamentous
Motility	Motile or nonmotile; if motile, the Flagella are peritrichous or lateral
Specialized structures	Endospores are not formed

Division

COLONIAL

Solid surface

Pale colonies; most strains produce no pigments. A minority of strains produce brown water-soluble pigments or show pink colonies due to porphyrins

Liquid

 

Growth Parameters

Acetobacter

PHYSIOLOGICAL

Tropism	Chemoorganotrophs
Oxygen	Obligately aerobic; metabolism is respiratory, never fermentative
pH	Optimum for growth is 5.4-6.3.
Temperature	25-30`C
Requirements	The best carbon sources for growth are ethanol, glycerol and lactate
Products	Oxidizes ethanol to acetic acid. Acetate and lactate are oxidized to CO2 and H2O. Neither lactose nor starch is hydrolyzed Acid is formed from n-propanol, n-butanol and D- glucose..
Enzymes	Catalase-positive, oxidase-negative. Absence of gelatin liquefaction, indole or H2S formation.
Unique features

ENVIRONMENTAL

Habitat	Acetobacter occurs in flowers, fruits, honey bees, sake, tequila, palm wine, grape wine, cider, beer, South African Bantu Beer, kefir, brewer's yeast, vinegar, beech- wood shavings of vinegar generators, vinegar acetifiers, sugar cane juice, "tea fungus", vegetable tanning liquors, "nata", garden soil and canal water.
Lifestyle
Pathogenicity	Acetobacter causes pink disease in pineapple fruit and rot in apples and pears.

Distribution

 

Genome

Acetobacter

G+C Mol %

51-65

 

Reference

Acetobacter

First citation	Beijerinck,M.W. (1898) Uber die Arten der Essigbakterien. Zentralbl. Bakteriol. Parasitenkd. Infektionskr. Hyg. Abt. II 4:209-216
The Prokaryotes	p
Bergey's Systematatic	p 268 J. DeLey, J. Swings and F. Gossele
Bergey's Determinative	p71

References