| Tropism |
Chemoorganotrophic |
| Oxygen |
Aerobic
with varying degrees of microaerophilia, facultatively
anaerobic with both respiratory and fermentative types of
metabolism As a rule, fumarate is used as a terminal
electron acceptor in demethylmenaquinone-mediated
anaerobic respiration. |
| pH |
|
| Temperature |
Mesophyllic |
| Requirements |
Complex
media supplemented with yeast extract and serum or whole
blood lysate are used for primary isolation. Require
organic nitrogen sources. Varying patterns of nutritional
requirements may include several amino acids, B vitamins,
B- nicotinamide adenine nucleotides and hematin or
protoporphyrin |
| Products |
Acid
is produced by fermentation of glucose, other
carbohydrates, sugar alcohols or glycosides; however. Conventional
fermentation test media may fail to detect the
accumulation of acid fermentation products with some of
the most fastidious members of the family Usually anaerogenic, but
gas-producing species do occur. Nitrites are formed from
nitrates. |
| Enzymes |
Oxidase,
catalase and alkaline phosphatase reactions are
characteristically positive, but negative reactions occur
in some species. |
| Unique features |
|