Cross Index Escherichia
SuperSet Prokaryote, Eubacteria Facultatively Anaerobic Gram-Negative Rods Enterobacteriaceae
Compare Enterobacteriaceae, Arsenophonus nasoniae, Buttiauxella agrestis, Cedecea, Citrobacter, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Erwinia, Escherichia, Ewingella americana, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Leminorella, Moellerella wisconsensis, Morganella morganii, Obesumbacterium proteus, Pantoea, Pragia fontium Proteus, Providencia, Rahnella aquatilis, Salmonella, Serratia, Shigella, Tatumella plyseos, Xenorhabdus, Yersina, Yohenella regensburgei

Vibrionacae, Aeromonas, Enhydrobacter aerosaccus, Photobacterium, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Vibrio

Pasteurellaceae, Actinobacillus, Hemophilus, Pasteurella

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis, Cardiobacterium hominis, Chromobacterium, Eikenella corrodens, Gardnerella vaginalis, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Zymomonas
Contrast Archaea
Subset  

Most of the description is restricted to E. coli because E. blattae is not well studied and only a few strains exist

Morphology Escherichia
CELLULAR  
Staining Gram-negative.
Morphology Straight rods, 1.1-1.5 um x 2.0-6.0 um, occurring singly or inpairs.
Motility Motile by peritrichous flagella or nonmotile
Specialized structures Capsules or microcapsules occur in many strains.
Division  
COLONIAL  
Solid surface Colonies on nutrient agar may be smooth (S), low convex, moist, gray, with a shiny surface and entire edge and easily dispersible in saline, or they may be rough (R), dry and difficult to disperse well in saline. There are intermediate forms between these extremes. Mucoid and slime-producing forms occur.
Liquid  

 

Growth Parameters Escherichia
PHYSIOLOGICAL  
Tropism Chemoogranotrophic
Oxygen Facultatively anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism Some strains are anaerogenic. Lactose is fermented by most strains but fermentation may be delayed or absent.
pH  
Temperature Optimum temperature,37`C.
Requirements Acetate can usually be used as a sole carbon source, but citrate cannot be used. Glucose and other carbohydrates are fermented with the production of pyruvate, which is further converted into lactic, acetic and formic acids. Part of the formic acid is split by a complex hydrogenlyase system into equal amounts of CO2 and H2.
Products  
Enzymes Oxidase-negative
Unique features  
ENVIRONMENTAL  
Habitat Occur in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals and, in the case of E. blattae, of cockroaches
Lifestyle  
Pathogenicity  
Distribution  

 

Genome Escherichia
G+C Mol % 48-52 (Tm)
   

 

Reference Escherichia
First citation Castellani,A. and A.J. Chalmers (1919) Manual of tropical medicine, 3rd ed. Williams Wood and Co., New York.
The Prokaryotes P
Bergey's Systematatic p 420 F. Orskov
Bergey's Determinative p 179
References