| Cross Index | Sarcina |
| SuperSet | Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram Positive Cocci AND Spore forming bacteria |
| Compare | aerobes: Deinobacter grandis Deinococcus,
Marinococcus, Micrococcus,
Planococcus , Salinicoccus roseus facultative anaerobes: Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus, Gemella haemolysans, Lactococcus Leuconostoc, Melissococcus pluton, Pediococcus, Saccharococcus thermophilus, Staphylococcus, Stomatococcus mucilaginsos, Streptococcus, Trichococcus flocculiformis, Vagococcus anaerobes Coprococcus, Peptococcus niger , Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus, Sarcina Catalase positive:Deinococcus, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus,, Stomatococcus mucilaginsosus Other Spore Formers: Pasteuria Thermoactinomyces, Sporomusa, Sarcina Sporichthya polymorpha "Sporospirillum" Sporocytophaga myxococcoides |
| Contrast | Archaea |
| Subset |
| Morphology | Sarcina |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-positive |
| Morphology | form cuboidal packets of cocci.Division occurs in three prependicular planes. |
| Motility | non motile |
| Specialized structures | two species, Sarcina ventriculi and Sacrina maxima, form endospores Spore formation is induced by growing the microbes in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide at very low pH (2.0-25) and then rapidly raising the pH by the addition of phosphate buffer and alkali (Knoll, H. 1965 Zur Biologie der Garungssarcinen. Monatsber. Dtsch. Akad. Wiss. Berl 7: 475-477 and Knoll, H. and R. Horschak 1971. Zur Sporulation der Garungssarcinen. Monatsber. Dtsch. Akad. Wiss. Berl 13: 222-224) |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Sarcina |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | chemoorganotrophic |
| Oxygen | strict anaerobe exclusaively fermentative metabolism |
| pH | These microbes can grow at very low pH (ie pH 1-2). |
| Temperature | |
| Requirements | Carbohydrates are the fermentable substrates. |
| Products | Glucose is fermented to acetic acid carbon dioxide and hydrogen |
| Enzymes | |
| Unique features |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | The sarcinae occur commonly in soil and are ingested with soil particles in food. They have been isolated from soil, mud diseased human stomach, cereal seeds and horse manure. |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Sarcina |
| G+C Mol % |
| Reference | Sarcina |
| First citation | Goodsir ,J. (1842) History of a case in which a fluid periodically ejected from the stomach contained vegetable organisms of an undescribed form. With chemical analysis of the fluid, by Geroge Wilson. Edilnburgh. Med Surg J. 57:430-443 |
| The Prokaryotes | p |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 1100 E. Canale-Parola |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 531 |
| References |