| Cross Index | Leuconostoc |
| SuperSet | Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram Positive Cocci |
| Compare | aerobes: Deinobacter grandis Deinococcus,
Marinococcus, Micrococcus,
Planococcus , Salinicoccus roseus facultative anaerobes: Aerococcus viridans, Enterococcus, Gemella haemolysans, Lactococcus Leuconostoc, Melissococcus pluton, Pediococcus, Saccharococcus thermophilus, Staphylococcus, Stomatococcus mucilaginsos, Streptococcus, Trichococcus flocculiformis, Vagococcus anaerobes Coprococcus, Peptococcus niger , Peptostreptococcus, Ruminococcus, Sarcina Catalase positive:Deinococcus, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Staphylococcus,, Stomatococcus mucilaginsosus |
| Contrast | Micrococcaceae are not a coherent group. Micrococcus is closely related to Arthrobacter , Planococcus is related to Bacilluss, while the radioresistant cocci called Deinococcus have atypical Gram positive cell walls. |
| Subset |
| Morphology | Leuconostoc |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-positive |
| Morphology | cocci in chains or pairs The microbes may be spherical but are often lenticular particularly when growing on agar |
| Motility | |
| Specialized structures |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Leuconostoc |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | chemorganotrophs |
| Oxygen | facultative anaerobes |
| pH | |
| Temperature | optimum temperature is 20- 30 C. |
| Requirements | often require complex growth factors and amino acids. All species require nicotinic acid, lthiamine and biotin and pantothenic acid or its derivative. Growth is dependent on the presence of a fermentable carbohydrate and glucose is fermented by a combination of the hexose monphosphate and phosphoketolase pathways. Fructose1,6 diphosphate aldolase is absent and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is present. |
| Products | They ferment carbohydrates to lactate and ethanol. Malate can be utilized and converted to lactate. Arginine is not hydrolysed and milk is usually not acidified and curdled. non proteolytic, indole is not formed, nitrates not reduced, nonhemolytic. |
| Enzymes | lack catalase, cytochromes and menaquiones |
| Unique features |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | Fo und on plants and in milk and milk products |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity | non pathogenic for plants, animals and humans |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Leuconostoc |
| G+C Mol % |
| Reference | Leuconostoc |
| First citation | van Tieghem,P. 1878. Sur la gomme du sucerie (Leuconostoc mesenteroides) Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot 7:180-203 |
| Emended | Hucker, G.J. and C.S. Pederson. 1930. Studies of the Coccaceae XVI. the genus Leuconostoc. N.Y. Agri. Exp Sta. Tech Bull. 167:3-80 |
| The Prokaryotes | p |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 1071 E.I. Garvie |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 529 |
| References |