| Cross Index | Azospirillum |
| SuperSet | Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram negative Vibriods |
| Compare | Alteromonas, Aquaspirillum, Azospirillum , Bdellovibrio, Campylobacter , Cellvibrio mixtus , Halovibrio variabilis , Helicobacter, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Marinomonas, Micavibrio admirandus Oceanospirillum, Spirillum, "Sporospirillum", Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus ,Wolinella |
| Contrast | Archaea |
| Subset |
| Morphology | Azospirillum |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-negative to Gram-variable. |
| Morphology | Plump, slightly curved and straight rods, about 1.0 um in diameter and 2.1-3.8 um in length, often with pointed ends. |
| Motility | Motile in liquid media by a single polar flagellum. On solid media at 30`C numerous lateral flagella of shorter wavelength are also formed. |
| Specialized structures | Intracellular granules of poly-B-hydroxybutyrate present. Enlarged, pleomorphic forms may occur in old, alkaline cultures or under conditions of excess oxygen |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface | Colonies on potato agar are typically light or dark pink, often wrinkled and non-slimy. |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Azospirillum |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | |
| Oxygen | Nitrogen fixers, exhibiting N2- dependent growth under micro-aerobic conditions. Grow well under an air atmosphere in the presence of a source of fixed nitrogen such as an ammonium salt. Possess mainly a respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen or nitrate as the terminal electron acceptor, but weak fermentative ability may also occur. Under severe oxygen limitation nitrate is dissimilated to nitrite or to nitrous oxide and nitrogen gas.,. |
| pH | |
| Temperature | 35-37`C |
| Requires | Chemoorganotrophic; some strains are facultative hydrogen autotrophs. Grow well on the salts of organic acids such as malate, succinate, lactate or pyruvate. Fructose and certain other sugars can also be used as carbon sources. Disaccharides are not used. Some strains require biotin. |
| Produces | . |
| Enzymes | Oxidase-positive |
| Unique features |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | Occur free living in the
soil or associated with the roots of cereal crops,
grasses and tuber plants. Root nodules are not induced |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Azospirillum |
| G+C Mol % | 69-71 |
| Reference | Azospirillum |
| First citation | Tarrand,J.J. N.R.Krieg and J. Dobereiner (1978) A taxonomic study of the Spirillum lipoferum group with descriptions of a new genus Azospirillum gen. Nov. and two species Azospirillum lipoferum (Beijerink) comb nov. and Azospirillum brasilense sp. Nov. Can J. Microbiol 24:: 967-980 |
| Emended | |
| The Prokaryotes | p |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 94 N.R. Kreig and J. Dobereiner |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 40 |
| References |