| Cross Index | Spirillum |
| SuperSet | Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram negative Vibriods |
| Compare | Alteromonas, Aquaspirillum, Azospirillum , Bdellovibrio, Campylobacter , Cellvibrio mixtus , Halovibrio variabilis , Helicobacter, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Marinomonas, Micavibrio admirandus Oceanospirillum, Spirillum, "Sporospirillum", Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus ,Wolinella |
| Contrast | Archaea |
| Subset |
| Morphology | Spirillum |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-negative |
| Morphology | Rigid, helical cells, 1.4-1.7 um in diameter by 14-60 um in length |
| Motility | Motile by large bipolar tufts of flagella having a long wavelength and about one helical turn; these are easily visible by dark-field or phase- contrast microscopy. |
| Specialized structures | .A polar membrane underlies the cytoplasmic membrane at the cell poles and is visible in ultrathin sections.Intracellular poly-B-hydroxybutyrate granules are formed. Coccoid bodies are not formed.. |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface | Colonies on solid media can be obtained only under special conditions |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Spirillum |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | |
| Oxygen | Microaerophilic in ordinary liquid media, but can grow aerobically in special media or with certain supplements Have a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Growth does not occur anaerobically with nitrate |
| pH | |
| Temperature | 30`C |
| Requirements | Carbohydrates are not catabolized. The salts of certain organic acids, particularly succinate, are used as carbon sources. Vitamins are not required |
| Products | Indol negative |
| Enzymes | Oxidase- and phosphatase-positive Catalase-negative sulfatase-negative. Casein, starch, esculin, gelatin, DNA and RNA are not hydrolyzed |
| Unique features | Inhibited by extremely low levels of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium. NaCl levels above 0.02% are inhibitory. Phosphate levels greater than 0.0l M are inhibitory |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | Occur in stagnant, freshwater environments |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Spirillum |
| G+C Mol % | 38 (Tm) or 36 (Bd). |
| Reference | Spirillum |
| First citation | Ehrenberg, C.G. (1832) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Organization der Infusorien und ihrer geographischen Verbreitung, besonders in Sibirien. Abh. Konig. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1830 pp 1-88 |
| The Prokaryotes | p |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 90 N. R. Krieg |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 44 |
| References |