Cross Index Spirillum
SuperSet Prokaryote, Eubacteria Gram negative Vibriods
Compare Alteromonas, Aquaspirillum, Azospirillum , Bdellovibrio, Campylobacter , Cellvibrio mixtus , Halovibrio variabilis , Helicobacter, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Marinomonas, Micavibrio admirandus Oceanospirillum, Spirillum, "Sporospirillum", Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus ,Wolinella
Contrast Archaea
Subset  

 

Morphology Spirillum
CELLULAR  
Staining Gram-negative
Morphology Rigid, helical cells, 1.4-1.7 um in diameter by 14-60 um in length
Motility Motile by large bipolar tufts of flagella having a long wavelength and about one helical turn; these are easily visible by dark-field or phase- contrast microscopy.
Specialized structures .A polar membrane underlies the cytoplasmic membrane at the cell poles and is visible in ultrathin sections.Intracellular poly-B-hydroxybutyrate granules are formed. Coccoid bodies are not formed..
Division  
COLONIAL  
Solid surface Colonies on solid media can be obtained only under special conditions
Liquid  

 

Growth Parameters Spirillum
PHYSIOLOGICAL  
Tropism  
Oxygen Microaerophilic in ordinary liquid media, but can grow aerobically in special media or with certain supplements Have a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. Growth does not occur anaerobically with nitrate
pH  
Temperature 30`C
Requirements Carbohydrates are not catabolized. The salts of certain organic acids, particularly succinate, are used as carbon sources. Vitamins are not required
Products Indol negative
Enzymes Oxidase- and phosphatase-positive Catalase-negative sulfatase-negative. Casein, starch, esculin, gelatin, DNA and RNA are not hydrolyzed
Unique features Inhibited by extremely low levels of hydrogen peroxide in the culture medium. NaCl levels above 0.02% are inhibitory. Phosphate levels greater than 0.0l M are inhibitory
ENVIRONMENTAL  
Habitat Occur in stagnant, freshwater environments
Lifestyle  
Pathogenicity  
Distribution  

 

Genome Spirillum
G+C Mol % 38 (Tm) or 36 (Bd).
   

 

Reference Spirillum
First citation Ehrenberg, C.G. (1832) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Organization der Infusorien und ihrer geographischen Verbreitung, besonders in Sibirien. Abh. Konig. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. 1830 pp 1-88
The Prokaryotes p
Bergey's Systematatic p 90 N. R. Krieg
Bergey's Determinative p 44
References