| Cross Index | Haliscomenobacter hydrossis |
| SuperSet | Prokaryote, Eubacteria Sheathed heterotrophs |
| Compare | Herpetosiphon, Thioploca and Thiothrix
nivea which also
have sheaths are a lso included in Nonphotosynthetic,
Nonfruiting Gliding Bacteria in
the non fruiting section. The genus Lyngbya which is one of the cyanobacteria also has
a sheath. Clonothrix fusca Crenothrix polyspora, Haliscomenobacter hydrossis, Leptothrix, Lieskeella bifida Phragmidiothrix multiseptata Sphaerotilus natans , |
| Contrast | Archaea |
| Subset |
| Morphology | Haliscomenobacter hydrossis |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-negative |
| Morphology | Thin rods, 0.4-0.5 x 3-5 um, usually in chains, enclosed by a narrow, hardly visible hyaline sheath |
| Motility | flagellation and the motility of these cells have not been observed. |
| Specialized structures | No ferric or manganic oxides are deposited in or on the sheaths. Branching of the filaments occurs in stationary cultures. The branching cells disrupt the sheath and form a new sheath outside the envelope. Compared with the main filaments, the lateral branches are usually short. Cells outside the sheaths are seldom seen. There are no holdfasts |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface | Colonies on poor agar media are hardly visible macroscopically; they are filamentous and < 0.5 mm in diameter. On a sucrose-peptone-yeast extract medium enriched with vitamin B12 and thiamine, pinkish, smooth, slightly filamentous colonies of 1-3 mm in diameter develop |
| Liquid | Liquid cultures turn pink because carotenoid pigments are formed |
| Growth Parameters | Haliscomenobacter hydrossis |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | Chemoorganotrophic |
| Oxygen | aerobic |
| pH | . Growth at pH 7.5 is much faster than that at pH 6.4. (The optimum pH is well above that of Sphaerotilus and Leptothrix species) |
| Temperature | Temperature range for growth: 8-30`C optimum: approximately 26`C |
| Requirements | Glucose, glucosamine, lactose, sucrose, starch and, to a lesser extent, mannitol are used as sources of carbon and energy |
| Products | Inorganic nitrogen compounds (nitrate, ammonium salts) are moderately good nitrogen sources; amino acids and peptone give better results. Thiamine and vitamin B12 are required for growth acetate, lactate, succinate, B- hydroxybutyrate, glycerol and sorbitol are not utilized |
| Enzymes | |
| Unique features |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | sewage, activated sludge |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Haliscomenobacter hydrossis |
| G+C Mol % | 49 |
| Reference | Haliscomenobacter hydrossis |
| First citation | van Veen, W.L., D.van
der Kooy, E.C.W.A.Geuze and A.W.van der Vlies. 1973.
Investigations on the sheathed bacterium Haliscomenobacter
hydrosssis. J. Microbiol . Serol. 39:
207-216 NOTES The name Streptothrix has been used for a fungus, (Corda,A.C.J. 1839. Pracht-Flora Europaeischer Schimmelbildungen. Gerhard Fleischer, Leipzig pp 1-55), an actinomycete (Cohn, F. 1875 Untersuchungen uber Bakterien II. Beitr. Biol. Pfanz 1:141-207) and finally a sheathed bacterium (Mulder, E. G. and W.van Veen. 1974. Genus Streptotrhix. In Buchanan and Gibson (Editors). Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th Ed. The Williams and Wilkins Co. Baltimore p133.) The sheathed bacterium, described here, was first observed by Migula (Migula,W.1895. Chlamydobacteriaceae. In A. Engler and K. Prantl (Editors) 1900 Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien, W. Engelman, Leipzig, Vol I. pp 35-40). The microbe was first isolated by van Veen et al in 1973 who because of the confusion associated with the term Streptothrix suggested that the microbe be called Haliscomenobacter. Migula proposed the name Chlyamdothrix
(Migula, W 1900. System der Bakterien, Vol 2 Gustav
Fischer, Jena). |
| The Prokaryotes | |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 2003 E. G. Mulder |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 478 |
| References |