University of Windsor - Academic Calendar, 1998 - 1999
 
THE UNIVERSITY

ACADEMIC INFORMATION 

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND HUMAN SCIENCES  

Degree Programs 

General, Arts and Human Sciences Courses 

Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Civilizations
Officers of Instruction
Program Regulations
Programs of Study
Course Descriptions
Aboriginal Studies
Intercultural Studies
Multicultural Studies
Oriental Studies
Classical Studies & Civilization
German
Russian
Italian
Spanish

Communication Studies 

Dramatic Art 

English Language and Literature 

French Language and Literature 

Geography 

History 

Human Kinetics 

Music 

Philosophy 

Political Science 

Psychology 

Religious Studies 

Social Work 

Sociology and Anthropology 

Visual Arts 

Interdisciplinary Programs 

COLLEGE OF  
ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE  

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS, EDUCATION, AND LAW  

COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES AND RESEARCH 

AWARDS AND FINANCIAL AID 

GENERAL INFORMATION 

GENERAL INDEX 

GLOSSARY 
 

3.3 Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Civilizations

(Ext. 2873) 
OFFICERS OF INSTRUCTION 
Honorary Professor  
Leddy, John Francis; O.C., M.A. (Sask.), B. Litt., D. Phil. (Oxon.); D. Litt. (St. Francis Xavier; Windsor); D. és L. (Laval); D. Lit. (Ottawa); LL.D. (Assumption; Hanyang, Korea; Notre Dame, Nelson; Sask.; Toronto; Western Ontario; Waterloo Lutheran), D.C.L. (St. Mary's); F.R. Hist. Soc.—1970. (President and Vice-Chancellor, 1964-1978) (Classics) 

University Professor Emeritus  
Fantazzi, Charles; A.B., M.A. (Catholic U. of America), Ph.D. (Harvard)—1960. (Classics and Italian) 

Professor Emeritus 
Sarkar, Kalyan Kumar: B.A., M.A. (Calcutta), Ph.D. (Paris)—1970. (Oriental Studies) 

Professors  
King, J. Norman; B.A., M.A. (Toronto), S.T.B. (Laval), Ph.D. (U. of St. Michael's College, Toronto)—1964. 

Bertman, Stephen; B.A. (New York), M.A. (Brandeis), Ph.D. (Columbia)—1967. (Classics) 

Spellman, J. W.; B.A. (Northeastern), Ph.D. (London)—1967. (Oriental Studies) 

Bird, Harry W.; B.A. Dipl. Ed., M.A. (Cambridge), M.A. (McMaster), Ph.D. (Toronto)—1969. (Classics) 

Mehta, Mahesh; B.A., M.A., LL.B., Ph.D. (Bombay)—1969. 

Whitney, Barry L.; B.A. (Carleton), Ph.D. (McMaster)—1976. 

Associate Professors 
Primorac, Berislav; B.A. (Assumption), M.A. (Middlebury), Ph.D. (Michigan)—1968. (Spanish and Italian) 

Adorni, Sergio; Dottore in Scienze Politiche (Siena), M.A., Ph.D. (Wisconsin)—1970. (Italian) 

Majhanovich, Ljubo D.; B.A., M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Illinois)—1970. (Slavic Studies) 

Temelini, Walter J.; B.A., M.A., Ph.D. (Toronto)—1970. (Italian) 

Titiev, Janice G.; A.B., M.A., Ph.D. (Michigan)—1971. (Spanish) 

Wendt-Hildebrandt, Susan; B.A., M.A., Ph.D. (Michigan)—1974. (German) 

Lage, Dietmar; B.A. (Manitoba), M.A., Ph.D. (McGill)—1983. 

Feldman, Linda; B.A., M.A., Dipl. Ed., Ph.D. (McGill)—1991. (German) 

Assistant Professor  
Vitale, Rosanna; B.A. (Loyola of Montreal), M.A. (Western Ontario), Ph.D. (California, Santa Barbara)—1992. (Italian and Spanish) 

Sessional Lecturers 
Helbing, Ingrid; Staatsexamen (Bonn), B.A., B.Ed. M.S.W. (Windsor), M.A. (Wayne State)—1980. (German) 

Anderson, Jill; B.A., M.A. (Windsor), Ph.D. (Toronto)—1990. (Classics) 

3.3.1 PROGRAM REGULATIONS 
Classical Studies are devoted to the examination, analysis, and understanding of the languages, literatures, and history of the ancient Near East, Greece and Rome, and to an exploration of their cultural and linguistic legacies to modern society. 

The Modern Languages program is devoted to the study and analysis of world languages in the context of their literary and cultural traditions. Sequenced, skills-based language courses and detailed analyses of language and culture provide students with the requisite skills to confront increasing globalization successfully. 

The Multicultural Studies program is based on the study of world languages, literatures, and civilizations in the context of Canadian diversity and world pluralism. 

Not all courses listed (see below, 3.3.3 to 3.3.11) will be offered in each term. The right is reserved to limit enrolment in language courses and to place students in courses deemed appropriate to their level of language competence. 

Native speakers must consult a program advisor for placement. All majors should plan their programs in consultation with an advisor. 
Language courses numbered 100/101,110/111, 200/201, 220/221, and 300/301 must be taken in sequence unless special permission is obtained from a program advisor. 

3.3.2 PROGRAMS OF STUDY 

Minor, general, combined general, honours, and combined honours degree programs are offered in Classical Studies. 

Minors, general, combined general, and combined honours degree programs are offered in Modern Languages, with German, Spanish, and Italian language options, and in Multicultural Studies. 

A minor is available in Russian language. 

A minor is available in Asian Studies (see 3.19.16, "Interdisciplinary Program in Asian Studies" and 3.19.11, "Certificate in Japanese Studies"). 

Minor Requirements  

In Modern Languages, at least six language, literature, and/or civilization courses in one language option area (other than the major). 
In Classical Studies and Oriental Studies at least six courses must be from the designated area. 

Not more than two courses at the 100-level may count towards the minor in any area. 

CLASSICAL STUDIES 

Requirements for degree programs in Classical Studies make reference to the following groups of courses: 
Classical Civilization: 11-125, 11-160, 11-161, 11-162, 11-231, 11-260, 11-265, 11-266, 11-350, 11-351, 11-370, 11-371, 11-460. 

Greek and Roman History: 12-261, 12-262, 12-281, 12-282, 12-285, 12-286 

Greek Language: 13-100, 13-101, 13-200, 13-201. 

Greek Literature: 13-450. 

Latin Language: 14-100, 14-101, 14-200, 14-201. 

Latin Literature: 14-230, 14-233, 14-450. 

Philosophy 34-270 and 34-271 (Greek Philosophy) will be accepted toward the B.A. degree in Classical Civilization in lieu of courses in Classical Studies. 

General Classical Civilization  
Total courses: thirty. 

Major requirements: twelve courses in Classical Civilization (11-), Greek and Roman History (12-), Greek Language and Literature (13-), or Latin Language and Literature (14-), including 11-161, 11-162; plus two of 13-100, 13-101, 13-200, 13-201, 14-100, 14-101, 14-200, and 14-201; and at least one course in each of any three of the following four areas: 
(a) Art and Archaeology: 11-265, 11-266; 
(b) Greek and Roman History: any course numbered 12-; 
(c) Literature: 11-231, 11-350, 11-351; 
(d) Mythology and Religion: 11-370, 11-371. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Language courses in the same language or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) four other courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, including Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature; 
(b) two more courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, excluding Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature; 
(c) six courses from any area of study excluding Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature. 

Honours Classical Civilization (Greek or Latin option) 
Total courses: forty. 

Major requirements: twenty courses, consisting of six Greek or Latin Language and Literature courses; plus 11-161, 11-162; and twelve additional Classical Civilization (11-), Greek and Roman History (12-), Greek Language and Literature (13-), or Latin Language and Literature (14-) or Greek Philosophy courses (34-270 and/or 34-271), including at least one in each of the following four areas: 
(a) Art and Archaeology: 11-265, 11-266; 
(b) Greek and Roman History: any course numbered 12-; 
(c) Literature: 11-231, 11-350, 11-351; 
(d) Mythology and Religion: 11-370, 11-371. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) four other courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, including Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature; 
(b) four more courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, excluding Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature; 
(c) six courses from any area of study, excluding Classical Civilization, Greek and Roman History, Greek Language and Literature, and Latin Language and Literature. 

Combined Honours Classical Civilization 
Total courses: forty. 

Major requirements—Classical Studies: sixteen courses in Classical Civilization (11-), Greek and Roman History (12-), Greek (13-) or Latin (14-) Language and Literature or Greek Philosophy (34-270 and/or 34-271), including 11-161 and 11-162; plus four of 13-100, 13-101, 13-200, 13-201, 14-100, 14-101, 14-200, and 14-201; and one course in each of the following four areas: 
(a) Art and Archaeology: 11-265 or 11-266; 
(b) Greek and Roman History: any course numbered 12-; 
(c) Literature: 11-231 or 11-350 or 11-351; 
(d) Mythology and Religion: 11-370 or 11-371. 

Major requirements—Other Subject: as prescribed by that program. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Language courses in the same language or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: plus additional options, if necessary, to a total of forty courses. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

General Modern Languages 
Total courses: thirty. 

Major requirements: twelve courses, including 07-120, 08-160, and ten courses in one language area as outlined below: 

German option: 15-210, 15-211, and five additional German language courses; plus one German civilization course, and one German literature course; and one further language or literature course. 

Russian option: 17-200, 17-201; and two Russian literature courses; plus six other Russian language, literature, or civilization courses. 
Italian option: six Italian language courses, two Italian civilization courses, and two Italian literature courses.

Spanish option: 23-205 (or 23-206), 23-260, 23-261, 23-320, 23-330 (or 23-331), and five additional Spanish courses. Native speakers may not take 23-205 or 23-206 and will substitute another course in consultation with a program advisor. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) four more courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, including German, Russian, Italian, or Spanish; 
(b) two more courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, excluding the area of the language option; 
(c) six courses from any area of study, excluding the area of the language option. 

Combined General Modern Languages 
Total courses: thirty. 
Major requirements: twenty-two courses, including 07-120, 08-160, and ten courses in each of two language areas as outlined above for the General Modern Languages degree. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) two more courses from any area of study, including Classical and Modern Languages. 

Combined General Modern Languages and Multicultural Studies 
Total courses: thirty. 

Major requirements: twenty-three courses, including 07-120 and the twelve courses prescribed below for the General Multicultural Studies degree; plus ten courses in one language area as prescribed above for the General Modern Languages degree. Courses in the chosen language area may not be used to satisfy the requirements of the Multicultural Studies component. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 
Other requirements: 
(a) one more course from any area of study, including Classical and Modern Languages. 

Combined General Classics and Modern Languages 

Total courses: thirty. 

Major requirements: twenty-four courses, including 07-120, 08-160, and ten courses in one language area as prescribed above in the General Modern Languages degree; plus the twelve courses prescribed above for the General Classical Civilization degree. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): 
(a) two courses from Social Science; 
(b) two courses from Science; 
(c) two courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science. These need not be selected from the same category. 

Combined Honours Modern Languages 
Total courses: forty. 

Major requirements: sixteen courses, including 07-120, 08-160, and fourteen courses in one language area as outlined below: 

German option: 15-210, 15-211, and six additional German language courses; plus two German civilization courses, and two German literature courses; and two further language or literature courses. 

Italian option: six Italian language courses, two Italian civilization courses, and five Italian literature courses; and one further language or literature course. (Majors are strongly urged to take 21-350.) 

Spanish option: 23-205, 23-206, 23-260, 23-261, 23-320, 23-330, 23-331, and seven additional Spanish courses. Native speakers may not take 23-205 or 23-206 and will substitute two other courses in consultation with a program advisor. Combined Honours majors will normally repeat 23-330 and/or 23-331. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Major requirements—Other Subject: as prescribed by that area of study. 
Other requirements: 
(a) additional options, if necessary, to a total of forty courses. 

Combined Honours Modern Languages with Two Language Options  

Total courses: forty. 
Major requirements: thirty-two courses, including 07-120, 08-160, and fifteen courses in each of two language areas as outlined below: 

German option: 15-210, 15-211, and six additional German language courses; plus two German civilization courses, and two German literature courses; and three further language or literature courses. 

Italian option: six Italian language courses, two Italian civilization courses, and five Italian literature courses; and two further language or literature courses. (Majors are strongly urged to take 21-350.) 

Spanish option: 23-205, 23-206, 23-260, 23-261, 23-320, 23-330, 23-331, and eight additional Spanish courses. Native speakers may not take 23-205 or 23-206 and will substitute two other courses in consultation with a program advisor. Combined Honours majors will normally repeat 23-330 and/or 23-331. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) two additional courses from any area of study, including Classical And Modern Languages. 

MULTICULTURAL STUDIES 

General Multicultural Studies 
Total courses: thirty. 

Major requirements: twelve courses, including: 
(a) 08-160 and either 08-260 or 08-360; 
(b) six courses in a single area of concentration (i.e., Classical Studies, German language, Russian language, Italian language, Spanish language, or Oriental Studies), consisting of four courses in the same language and two courses in its civilization; 
(c) two additional civilization courses in an area of study other than that chosen in (b); 
(d) two more civilization courses in an area of study other than as taken in (b) or (c); or a civilization course from an area other than as taken in (b) or (c) and 08-350/11-350/21-350, "The Classical Tradition." 

Civilization courses are listed separately in each area and are numbered in the ranges 160-189, 260-289, and 360-389. 

Option requirements (see 2.5.14 for subject areas): six courses including 
(a) two Social Science courses; 
(b) two Arts or two Science courses; 
(c) two additional courses from Arts, Social Science or Science. 

Other requirements: 
(a) five courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, including any of the offerings in Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Civilizations (06- through 23-), with the other of either 08-260 or 08-360 being strongly recommended in addition to the minimum requirement as stated above in "Major requirements," subsection (a); 
(b) two more courses from Arts, Languages, Social Science, or Science, excluding any of the offerings in Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Civilizations (06- through 23-); 
(c) five courses from any area, excluding any of the offerings in Classical and Modern Languages, Literatures, and Civilizations (07- through 23-). 

Note: Multicultural Studies majors should consult an advisor for a list of suggested options. 

Minor in Multicultural Studies  
Required: six courses, of which only two may be at the 100 level (not including 08-160). Courses must include: 08-160 and either 08-260 or 08-360, two courses in the same language, and two courses in the civilization of that language. 

3.3.3 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
ABORIGINAL LANGUAGES  

06-100. Introduction to Ojibwe 
Introduces the basic elements of Ojibwe language structure. Students will learn to converse at a basic level using present, past, and future tenses. The emphasis is on using language for describing typical activities and experiences. Extensive oral practice is provided. One specific orthography will be taught. 

3.3.4 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
INTERCULTURAL STUDIES 

07-120. Universals of Language 
An introduction to the study of language, including sounds and sound systems, grammatical terminology, and language families. (Required of all Modern Languages majors, this course should normally be taken as a corequisite to the first language course in the area of option taken at the University.) 

07-201. Culture and Ideas I  
An interdisciplinary introduction to European cultural tradition from Antiquity through the Renaissance, examining representative works of literature, visual art, music, drama, religion, and philosophy. Training in the methodology of different forms of cultural expression and their social and cultural context. Contemporary forms of analysis will equip students for active critical engagement with this and other cultures. Open to students from any area of study in the University. 

07-202. Culture and Ideas II  
An examination of representative literary, religious, and philosophical texts and examples from art, music, and drama that focus on the period from the Scientific Revolution through the Nineteenth Century. Training in methods of interpretation and criticism proper to different disciplines will help the student to understand the interplay between talent, aesthetics, artistic tradition, and social and cultural context. Open to students from any area of study in the University. 

07-203. Culture and Ideas III  
An examination of representative literary, religious, and philosophical texts and examples from art, music, and drama that focus on the period from the turn of the century to the present day. The interplay of talent, aesthetics, and artistic tradition will be viewed in its social and cultural context. Cultural theory and contemporary critical perspectives will equip students for active engagement with the complexity and diversity of twentieth-century cultures. Open to students from any area of study in the University. 

3.3.5 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
MULTICULTURAL STUDIES 

08-160. Foundations of Civilization  
A study of the origin and meaning of civilization, including an examination of the values and achievements of the earliest civilizations of the Mediterranean and the Orient in the context of Canadian multicultural reality and policy. 

08-260. Perspectives on Multicultural Studies  
Guided readings and discussion with a faculty tutor on topics specific to the student's areas of concentration. (Prerequisite: 08-160 or consent of a program advisor in Multicultural Studies.) 

08-350. The Classical Tradition  
A study of the continuity of the Classics through the ages, the evolution of the various genres, and the impact of the Classics upon the modern world in art, literature, and language. (Prerequisites: Two courses in Classical Civilization or consent of a program advisor in Multicultural Studies.) (This course is also offered as 11-350 and 21-350.) 

08-360. Seminar in Multicultural Studies 
A study of the contributions various cultures have made to today's civilizations and the influences they have exerted upon each other. Topics will include cultural interaction and multiculturalism. (Prerequisites: 08-160 and two other civilization courses, or consent of a program advisor in Multicultural Studies.) 

3.3.6 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
ORIENTAL STUDIES  

Japanese Language: 10-100, 10-101, 10-200, 10-201. 

Oriental Literature, Art, and Civilization: 10-160, 10-180, 10-181, 10-230, 10-260, 10-261, 10-268, 10-270, 10-281, 10-282, 10-360, 10-361, 10-370. 

10-100. Japanese for Beginners I  
Provides a co-ordinated approach to the basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The elements of the writing system, Hiragana and Katakana, and a limited number of Chinese characters (Kanji) are progressively introduced. (Laboratory work.) (Only for students with no prior knowledge of Japanese.) 

10-101. Japanese for Beginners II  
Continuation of 10-100. (Prerequisite: 10-100 or equivalent.) 

10-160. Indian Civilization 
The culture of India in its broadest sense—history, politics, religion, philosophy, and literature. Lectures, films, tape recordings, and readings. An examination of the contrasting cultural values of ancient India and problems of contemporary India. 

10-180. Art of India and Southeast Asia  
An introductory survey of Hindu and Buddhist architecture, the sculpture and painting of India and Southeast Asia. The course will deal with their origin and development in India and their spread and transformation among the various cultures of Southeast Asia. Illustrated with colour slides. 

10-181. Art and Civilization of China and Japan  
A study of the architecture, sculpture and painting of China and Japan with emphasis on their relation to traditional religion and philosophy. Illustrated with colour slides. 

10-200. Intermediate Japanese I  
Review and further study of grammar. Emphasis on mastery of new characters (Kanji) and reading of selected texts. (Laboratory work.) (Prerequisite: 10-101 or equivalent.) 

10-201. Intermediate Japanese II  
Continuation of 10-200. (Prerequisite: 10-200 or equivalent.) 

10-230. India's Classical Literary Heritage  
An aesthetic appreciation of the epic and classical literature of India in English translation. 

10-260. Indian Cultural Values I  
An inquiry comparing and contrasting Indian and Western ideas and emphasis on truth, order, time, success, wealth, punishment, sex, size, and other values in an effort to observe the impact of values on religion, politics, and other human activities. 

10-261. Indian Cultural Values II  
Continuation of 10-260. 

10-268 The Worlds of the Poet Tagore  
A study and appreciation of the literature, art, music, education and religious philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore, one of the most creative geniuses of India. 

10-270. Workshop in Asian Arts: Ikebana  
A studio course of Japanese flower arrangement. With the help of lectures and audio-visual materials, the spirit of Japanese art forms such as the tea-ceremony, gardens, and flower arrangement is explored. Special emphasis is given to the actual participation by the student in the various styles of the traditional school of Japanese flower arrangement. 

10-281. Art and Archaeology of South Asia I  
A study of the ideals of Buddhist and Hindu art as expressed in architecture, sculpture, and painting. Special emphasis will be given to the relevant cultural and historical aspects. Illustrated with colour slides. 

10-282. Art and Archaeology of South Asia II  
A survey of the major artistic traditions of medieval and modern India. The development of Islamic architecture and miniature painting in India will be studied. Western impact on the contemporary art of India will be examined. Illustrated with colour slides. 

10-360. Ancient Indian History 
A study of the historical and cultural developments from the Indus Valley civilization to the coming of the Muslims. Religious, sociological, and philosophical themes may be included. The focus will be on Buddhist meditation. 

10-361. Ancient Indian Politics 
A study of the concepts of government, principles of law and statecraft, theories of kingship and other topics designed to acquaint the student with perspectives on politics other than traditional western ones. 

10-370. Japanese Aesthetics  
A study of the concept of beauty as expressed in various cultural activities of Japan including painting, poetry, philosophy, the tea ceremony, flower arranging, gardens, and music illustrating the soul of Japanese civilization. 

3.3.7 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
CLASSICAL STUDIES 
CLASSICAL CIVILIZATION  

11-125. The Romance of Words  
A study of the Greek and Latin roots of English vocabulary, families of words, and development of meaning. Attention will also be given to medical, legal and scientific terminology. 

11-160. Land of the Pharaohs  
An introduction to the civilization of ancient Egypt. Topics will include Egyptian tombs and their treasures, hieroglyphic writing, the mystery of the pyramids, mummification, religious beliefs, and famous personalities from the Egyptian past. 

11-161. Introduction to Greek  Civilization 
An introduction to the cultural values and achievements of the ancient Greeks. Topics will include geography, history, mythology, and religion, language and literature, art and daily life. (Recommended for prospective Classical Civilization majors.) 

11-162. Introduction to Roman Civilization  
An introduction to the cultural values and achievements of the ancient Romans. Topics will include geography, history, mythology and religion, language and literature, art and daily life. (Recommended for prospective Classical Civilization majors.) 

11-231. Greek Drama  
The origin and development of the Greek theatre. Students will read, analyze, and discuss representative plays of the major dramatists of ancient Greece. 

11-260. Socrates 
The life and times of one of the most fascinating and enigmatic personalities of Western History, studied through the writings of his disciples and his detractors. Students will discuss the modern relevance of issues raised by Socrates' questioning spirit. (Prerequisite: 11-161 or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-265. Greek Art and Archaeology  
A study of the artistic masterpieces and monuments of ancient Greece. Topics will include the search for Troy, the spirit of Greek sculpture, and Athens in the Golden Age. Presented with colour slides. (Prerequisite: 11-161 or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-266. Roman Art and Archaeology  
A study of the artistic masterpieces and monuments of ancient Rome. Topics will include the tombs of the Etruscans, the treasures of Pompeii and Rome in the days of the Caesars. Presented with colour slides. (Prerequisite: 11-162 or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-350. The Classical Tradition  
A study of the continuity of the Classics through the ages, the evolution of the various genres, and the impact of the Classics upon the modern world in art, literature, and language. (Prerequisites: Two courses in Classical Civilization or consent of a program advisor.) (This course is also offered as 08-350 and 21-350.) 

11-351. Myth and Literature 
The use and development of myth from ancient to contemporary literature. Thematic treatment of several key figures selected from the following: Orpheus, Prometheus, Ulysses, Oedipus, Electra. (Prerequisite: Two courses in Classical Civilization or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-370. Greek Mythology  
The myths and legends of ancient Greece, with particular attention to the heroic, tragic, and erotic elements. Modern theories about the nature and function of myths are employed in analyzing the Greek tales. (Prerequisite: 11-161 or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-371. Greek Religion  
The temples and sanctuaries of ancient Greece and the origin, myths, rituals, functions, and special appeal of each of the major deities will be examined in lectures, audio-visual presentations, and discussions. (Prerequisite: 11-161 or consent of a program advisor.) 

11-460. Directed Readings in Classical Civilization  
Designed for the advanced student who wishes to explore a special area of interest with the aid of a faculty advisor. (Hours by arrangement.) 
 
GREEK AND ROMAN HISTORY 
 
12-261. History of Ancient Greece 
The formation of the polis and its culture to the end of the Hellenic period. (This course is taught in History as 43-281.) (Prerequisite: 11-161 or an introductory History course.) 

12-262. Hellenistic Greece 
The post-classical period, the decline of the polis, the rise of Macedon and Alexander the Great, the age of the Diadochoi. (Prerequisite: 11-161 or an introductory History course.) 

12-281. Roman History of the Republican Period I  
A study of Roman civilization from its early foundations to the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. The social and political problems of the Romans will be examined in comparison with those of modern times. (This course is also available as History 43-283.) (Prerequisite: 11-162 or an introductory History course or consent of a program advisor.) 

12-282. Roman History of the Republican Period II 
A study of Roman history and institutions from the destruction of Carthage to the death of Caesar and the collapse of the Republic. (Prerequisite: 11-162 or an introductory History course or consent of a program advisor.) (This course is also available as History 43-284.) 

12-285. Roman History of the Imperial Period I  
An exploration of the personalities of the first twelve emperors and the social, political, and economic situation of the Roman Empire during their reigns. (Prerequisite: 11-162 or an introductory History course or consent of a program advisor.) (This course is also available as History 43-285.) 

12-286. Roman History of the Imperial Period II  
An exploration of the social, political, economic, and religious aspects of the Roman Empire from the reign of Trajan to that of Constantine the Great. (Prerequisite: 11-162 or an introductory History course or consent of a program advisor.) (This course is also available as History 43-286.) 
 
GREEK LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 
 
13-100. Introduction to Ancient Greek I  
Designed to equip the beginner with the basic skills needed for reading ancient Greek literature, including the New Testament. (This course is also available as Religious Studies 35-122.) 

13-101. Introduction to Ancient Greek II 
Designed to equip the beginner with the basic skills needed for reading ancient Greek literature, including the New Testament. (This course is also offered as Religious Studies 35-123.) (Prerequisite: 13-100.) 

13-200. Intermediate Greek I 
Review of vocabulary and grammar. Readings from classical prose, poetry, or the New Testament. (Prerequisite: 13-101.) 

13-201. Intermediate Greek II 
Continuation of 13-200. (Prerequisite: 13-200.) 

13-450. Directed Readings in Greek Literature  
Designed for the student who wishes to explore a special area of interest with the aid of a faculty advisor. (Hours by arrangement.) 
 
LATIN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE 
 
14-100. Introductory Latin I 
Designed for the student with little or no background in Latin. Emphasis on attainment of reading skills prerequisite for Latin courses numbered 200- and above, and for practical use in theology, philosophy, medieval studies, linguistics, and comparative literature. 

14-101. Introductory Latin II  
Continuation of 14-100. (Prerequisite: 14-100 or consent of an advisor in Classics.) 

14-200. Intermediate Latin I  
Designed for students who have previously studied Latin at school or have completed Latin 14-101. Review of forms, syntax, and grammar. Selected passages from the works of Latin authors may be read. 

14-201. Intermediate Latin II 
Review of forms, syntax, and grammar. Selected passages from the works of Latin authors. (Prerequisite: 14-200 or consent of an advisor in Classics.) 

14-230. Introduction to Literature  
A general introduction for foreign language students to forms and structures of literary language including a study of genres, styles, and rhetorical figures. Readings will be in English and in Latin. (This course is also available as 15-230, 17-230, and 23-230.) (Prerequisite: 14-201 or OAC Latin or consent of a program advisor.) 

14-233. Medieval Latin  
An exploration of the poetical, spiritual, philosophical, and historical writings of the Middle Ages. (This course is exempt from the normal prerequisites and may be taken by anyone who has completed Grade 12 Latin, or equivalent.) 

14-450. Directed Readings in Latin Literature  
Designed for the advanced student who wishes to explore a special area of interest with the aid of a faculty advisor. 

3.3.8 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
GERMAN LANGUAGE OPTION 
Requirements for degree programs in German make reference to the following groups of courses: 

German Language: 15-100, 15-101, 15-200, 15-210, 15-211, 15-220, 15-221, 15-300, 15-301, 15-310, 15-311, 15-312, 15-329. (Laboratory work may be required in language courses.) 

German Literature: 15-230, 15-234, 15-331, 15-332, 15-333, 15-334, 15-335, 15-353 and 15-490. (Certain literature courses may be taken twice for credit, provided that the subject matter differs. 15-211 or consent of a program advisor are prerequisite for 300- and 400-level literature courses. Unless otherwise noted in the Calendar or course outline, all literature courses at the 300 or 400 level will be taught in German.) 

German Civilization: 15-260, 15-261, 15-262. 

15-100. German for Beginners I  
Basic skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Only for students with no prior knowledge of German.) 

15-101. German for Beginners II  
Basic skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Prerequisite: 15-100 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-200. Intermediate German I  
Review and further development of basic skills. (Prerequisite: 15-101 or equivalent.) 

15-210. German Conversation  
A course to develop oral and aural skills. (Prerequisite: 15-200 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-211. An Introduction to German Texts  
A course to develop reading and writing skills. (Prerequisite: 15-200 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-220. Intermediate German III  
Continued development of written and spoken German. (Prerequisite: 15-200, or OAC German, or equivalent.) 

15-221. Intermediate German IV  
Continuation of 15-220. (Prerequisite: 15-220, or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-230. Introduction to Literature  
A general introduction for foreign language students to forms and structures of literary language including a study of genres, styles, and rhetorical figures. Readings will be in English and in German. (This course is also available as 14-230, 17-230, and 21-230.) (Prerequisite: 15-200, or OAC German, or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-234. Great Works of German Literature 
A study of selected works. Topics may vary from year to year. (Taught in English. No prerequisite.) 

15-260. German Culture and  Civilization I  
An interdisciplinary introduction to political, social, and cultural developments in German-speaking countries from 800 -1700. (Taught in English. No prerequisite.) 

15-261. German Culture and  Civilization II  
An interdisciplinary introduction to political, social, and cultural developments in German-speaking countries from 1700-1880. (Taught in English. No prerequisite.) 

15-262. German Culture and  Civilization III  
An interdisciplinary introduction to political, social, and cultural developments in German-speaking countries from 1880 to the present. (Taught in English. No prerequisite.) 

15-300. Advanced German I  
Further study of grammar and syntax. (Prerequisite: 15-221 or equivalent.) 

15-301. Advanced German II  
Continuation of 15-300. (Prerequisite: 15-301, or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-310. German for Business Purposes  
(Prerequisite: 15-221 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-311. Translation for Business Purposes 
(Prerequisite: 15-221 or consent of a program advisor.) 
15-312. History and Development of the Germanic Languages 
(Taught in English.) 

15-329. Special Topics in German Language  

15-331. The Origins of Modernity  
Medieval, renaissance, humanistic, and Baroque texts in modern German translations and adaptations. (Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-332. Eighteenth-Century German Literature  
From the Age of Reason to the Age of Revolution: sense and sensibility and the development of modern subjectivity in eighteenth-century texts. (Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-333. Nineteenth-Century German Literature 
Revolution, restoration, and the pursuit of nationhood as mirrored in texts from 1800 to 1880. (Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-334. From Nationalism to National Socialism: German Literature 1880-1945  
The redefinition of individual and national identity and the contention of ideologies as reflected in texts dating from the Second Empire, the Weimar Republic, and the Third Reich. (Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-335. German Literature since 1945  
Focuses on the literature of the immediate post-war period, later reflections about the war and the Nazi era, and literary representations of divided Germany. (Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-353. Special Topics in German Literature  
(Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

15-490. Directed Readings in Germanic Studies  
(Prerequisite: 15-211 or consent of a program advisor.) 

3.3.9 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
RUSSIAN LANGUAGE OPTION 

Requirements for programs in Russian make reference to the following groups of courses: 

Russian Language: 17-100, 17-101, 17-200, 17-201, 17-225. 

Russian Literature: 17-235. 

Russian Literature Taught in English: 17-230, 17-231, 17-232, 17-332, 17-333, 17-345, 17-350. (Certain literature courses may be taken twice for credit, provided that the subject matter differs.) 

Slavic Civilization: 17-260, 17-261, 17-265, 17-266

17-100. Russian for Beginners I  
Basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading and writing. (Laboratory work.) (Only for students with no prior knowledge of Russian.) 

17-101. Russian for Beginners II  
Grammar review; reading of selected texts; conversation. (Laboratory work.) (Prerequisite: 17-100.) 

17-200. Intermediate Russian I  
A review of the morphology and phonetics of Russian. Composition, conversation and selected readings. (Laboratory work.) (Prerequisite: 17-101.) 

17-201. Intermediate Russian II  
Reading of literary selections and non-fiction. Conversation based on readings and topics of current interest. (Laboratory work.) (Prerequisite: 17-200.) 

17-225. Special Topics in Russian Language  
An analysis of phonological and morphological structures; word-building, accentology, stylistics. Since content varies from year to year, students may repeat this course for credit with permission.) (Prerequisite: 17-201 or consent of a program advisor.) 

17-230. Introduction to Literature 
A general introduction for foreign language students to forms and structures of literary language including a study of genres, styles and rhetorical figures. Readings will be in English and in Russian. (This course is also available as 14-230, 15-230, 21-230.) (Prerequisite: 17-201 or OAC Russian or consent of a program advisor.) 

17-231. Masterpieces of Russian Literature I  
A study of works from Pushkin to Chekhov: reading, lectures and discussions of representative works (short stories and a play) by Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov. This course is intended for students not majoring in Russian who wish to take a single course orientation in the field of nineteenth-century Russian literature. (Taught in English.) 

17-232. Masterpieces of Russian Literature II  
A study of representative works from 1917 to the present. Selections will be made from the works of Babel, Bulgakov, Nabokov, Pasternak and Solzhenitsyn. This course is intended for students not majoring in Russian who wish to take a single course orientation in the field of twentieth-century Russian literature. (Taught in English.) 

17-235. Masterpieces of Russian Drama 
A study of Russian dramatic works by Fonvizin, Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Ostrovsky and L. Tolstoy or by Chekov, Gorky, Bulgakov, Aleshin and Mayakovsky. Russian majors will read the works studied in Russian. 

17-260. Studies in South Slavic Civilization and Culture 
The evolution of South Slavic cultural identities; pagan and Christian traditions; South Slavic folk heritage; Bulgarian, Croatian and Serbian contributions to the world of art and architecture, literature, music and science. Reflections of South Slavic culture in North America. (Taught in English.) 

17-261. Studies in West Slavic Civilization and Culture 
The evolution of West Slavic cultural identities; the heritage of Christianity; folkloric traditions; Polish, Czech and Slovak contributions to the world of art and architecture, literature, music and science. Reflections of Czech, Polish and Slovak culture in North America. (Taught in English.) 

17-265. Foundations of Russian Civilization 
An introduction to the civilization of pre-revolutionary Russia: cultural values, geopolitics, history, religion, art and literature. (Taught in English.) 

17-266. Modern Russian Civilization  
Introduction to twentieth-century Russian civilization: the coming of the Revolution and its aftermath; new social structures; the restoration of democratic tendencies under Gorbachev and Yeltsin. (Taught in English.) 

17-332. The Russian Novel of the Nineteenth Century  
A study of some major Russian novels by Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, and L. Tolstoy. (Taught in English.) 

17-333. The Russian Novel of the Twentieth Century  
The study of the contemporary Russian novel including works by the Nobel Prize winners Bunin, Sholokhov, Pasternak, and Solzhenitsyn. (Taught in English.) 

17-345. Special Topics in Russian Literature  
An examination of specific figures, authors and themes in Russian literature. Since the content varies from year to year, students may repeat this course for credit with permission. (Prerequisite: two courses in any literature at the 200 level or above, or consent of a program advisor.) (Taught in English.) 

17-350. Contemporary Russian Literature 
A survey of the principal Russian prose and poetry writers of the period. Russian majors will read the works selected in the original Russian. (Taught in English.) 

3.3.10 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
ITALIAN LANGUAGE OPTION 
Requirements for degree programs in Italian make reference to the following groups of courses: 

Italian Language: 21-100, 21-101, 21-110, 21-111, 21-200, 21-201, 21-220, 21-221, 21-225, 21-300, 21-301, 21-310, 21-311, 21-410, 21-411, 21-415. (Laboratory work may be required in language courses.) 

Italian Literature: 21-230, 21-231, 21-331, 21-332, 21-345, 21-348, 21-350, 21-352, 21-355, 21-356, 21-430, 21-450, 21-451, 21-490. (Certain literature courses may be taken twice for credit, provided that the subject matter differs. Either 21-220 or consent of a program advisor is a prerequisite for 300- and 400-level literature courses taught in Italian.) 

Italian Civilization: 21-260, 21-261. 

21-100. Italian for Beginners I  
Basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Only for students with no prior knowledge of Italian.) 

21-101. Italian for Beginners II  
Continuation of 21-100. (Prerequisite: 21-100 or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-110. Elementary Italian I  
For students who understand an Italian dialect or who have had one year or two terms of Italian at secondary school. 

21-111. Elementary Italian II  
Continuation of 21-110. (Prerequisite: 21-110.) 

21-200. Intermediate Italian I  
Review of grammar and further development of basic language skills. Written work, conversation, and readings. (Prerequisite: 21-101, 21-111, or equivalent.) 

21-201. Intermediate Italian II  
Continuation of 21-200. (Prerequisite: 21-200 or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-220. Intermediate Italian III  
Continued development of written and spoken Italian. Grammar review and readings. (Prerequisite: 21-201, or OAC Italian, or equivalent, or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-221. Intermediate Italian IV 
Continuation of 21-220. (Prerequisite: 21-220 or equivalent.) 

21-225. Italian Conversation 
(Prerequisite or corequisite: 21-220.) 

21-230. Introduction to Literature 
A general introduction for foreign language students to forms and structures of literary language including a study of genres, styles and rhetorical figures. Readings will be in English and in Italian. (This course is also available as 14-230, 15-230, and 17-230.) (Prerequisite: 21-201, or OAC Italian, or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-231. Introduction to Italian Literature 
A survey of major literary and intellectual movements, with readings of some representative literary works in Italian. Various aspects of genre, style, rhetorical devices and metrics will also be studied. (Prerequisites: 21-201 and 21-230, or equivalent.) 

21-260. Italian Culture and Civilization I 
The cultural traditions of Italy from early times to the end of the Middle Ages. (Taught in English.) (Italian majors will be expected to do assigned work in Italian.) 

21-261. Italian Culture and Civilization II 
The cultural traditions of Italy from the Renaissance to modern times. (Taught in English.) (Italian majors will be expected to do assigned work in Italian.) 

21-300. Advanced Italian I 
Further study of phonology, morphology, and syntax. (Prerequisite: 21-221 or equivalent.) 

21-301. Advanced Italian II 
Continuation of 21-300. (Prerequisite: 21-300 or equivalent.) 

21-310. Italian Translation 
(Prerequisite or co-requisite: 21-300.) 

21-311. From the Text to the Rule 
The reading and analysis of representative texts chosen from a variety of sources (literature, journalism, advertising, etc.). (Prerequisite: 21-221 or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-331. Beginnings of the Modern Italian Novel 
Readings in Verga, Pirandello, Svevo, D'Annunzio. 

21-332. Contemporary Italian Literature 
Readings from Moravia, Pratolini, Pavese, Calvino and selections from modern poetry. 

21-345. Seventeenth-Century Literature 
Marino, Chiabrera, Rosa and the literary developments of their time. 

21-348. Eighteenth-Century Literature 
From Arcadia to Illuminismo. Parini, Goldoni, Alfieri, Beccaria. 

21-350. The Classical Tradition 
A study of the continuity of the Classics through the ages, the evolution of the various genres, and the impact of the Classics upon the modern world in art, literature, and language. (Prerequisites: Two courses in Italian Literature or consent of a program advisor.) (This course is also offered as 08-350 and 11-350.) 

21-352. Nineteenth-Century Literature 
Neo-classicism and romanticism. 

21-355. The Renaissance 
Topics may include Castiglione, Il cortegiano; Machiavelli, Il principe; epic theatre; or lyric poetry. Students may repeat this course for credit with permission. 

21-356. Renaissance Thought 
A study of selected works. Topics may vary from year to year. (Taught in English.) 

21-410. History of the Italian Language I 
(Prerequisite: 21-300 or 21-301.) 

21-411. History of the Italian Language II 
Continuation of 21-410. (Prerequisite: 21-410 or equivalent.) 

21-415. Advanced Translation 
English to Italian and Italian to English. (Prerequisite: 21-310 or consent of a program advisor.) 

21-430. Seminar in Nineteenth-Century Italian Poetry 
Selected readings from Manzoni, Leopardi, Carducci, Pascoli, D'Annunzio. 

21-450. Literature of the Middle Ages I 
The dolce stil novo poets; Dante Alighieri, Vita Nuova, selected poems, Divina Commedia, Inferno. 

21-451. Literature of the Middle Ages II 
Petrarca, Canzoniere (selected poems); Boccaccio, Decameron (selected stories). 

21-490. Directed Readings 
Designed for the advanced student who wishes to explore a special area of interest in Italian literature. 

3.3.11 COURSE DESCRIPTIONS— 
SPANISH LANGUAGE OPTION 
Requirements for degree programs in Spanish make reference to the following groups of courses: 

Spanish Language: 23-100, 23-101, 23-200, 23-205, 23-206, 23-220, 23-221, 23-300, 23-301, 23-310, 23-311, 23-320, 23-330, 23-331, 23-450. (Laboratory work may be required in language courses.) 

Spanish Literature: 23-235. 

Spanish Culture and Civilization: 23-260, 23-261. 

23-100. Spanish for Beginners I 
Basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Only for students with no prior knowledge of Spanish.) 

23-101. Spanish for Beginners II 
Basic skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing. (Prerequisite: 23-100.) 

23-200. Intermediate Spanish I 
Review and further study of grammar. Written work, conversation, readings. (Prerequisite: 23-101 or equivalent.) 

23-205. Oral Expression I 
Focus on vocabulary and language techniques necessary for conducting and discussing in Spanish the student's daily, personal life, with pronunciation review as needed. (Not open to native speakers, who should consult a program advisor regarding an alternate course.) (Prerequisite: 23-200 or equivalent.) 

23-206. Oral Expression II 
Focus on Spanish vocabulary and language techniques necessary for reacting to and interacting with the world around us, with pronunciation review as needed. (Not open to native speakers, who should consult a program advisor regarding an alternate course.) (Prerequisite: 23-200 or equivalent.) 

23-220. Intermediate Spanish III 
Continued development of written and spoken Spanish. Grammar review, readings. (Prerequisite: 23-205, 23-206, or equivalent.) 

23-221. Intermediate Spanish IV 
Continuation of 23-220.(Prerequisite: 23-220 or equivalent.) 

23-235. Hispanic Literature in Translation 
Topics may vary from year to year. (May not count toward a Spanish major.) (Taught in English.) 

23-260. Culture and Civilization of Spain 
Readings and discussion, in English, of topics from the history and culture of Spain. 

23-261. Culture and Civilization of Spanish America 
Readings and discussion, in English, of topics from the history and culture of Spanish America. 

23-300. Advanced Spanish I 
Further study of grammar and syntax. Written and oral exercises emphasizing subtle and/or particularly difficult grammar points. (Prerequisite: 23-221 or equivalent.) 

23-301. Advanced Spanish II 
Continuation of 23-300. (Prerequisite: 23-221 or equivalent.) 

23-310. Spanish Translation I 
Training in translation from Spanish to English and English to Spanish. (Prerequisite: 23-221 or equivalent.) 

23-311. Spanish Translation II 
Continued training in translation from Spanish to English and English to Spanish. (Prerequisite: 23-221 or equivalent.) 

23-320. Written Expression 
Study of prose models, such as letters and essays, and practice in writing Spanish. (Prerequisite: 23-205 or 23-206, or equivalent.) 

23-330. Reading I 
Study of texts from Spain as a means to improve language mastery and gain knowledge and understanding of the culture through its literature. May be repeated for credit if content changes. (Prerequisite: 23-205 or 23-206, or equivalent.) 

23-331. Reading II 
Study of texts from Spanish America as a means to improve language mastery and gain knowledge and understanding of the cultures through their literatures. May be repeated for credit if content changes. (Prerequisite: 23-205 or 23-206, or equivalent.) 

23-450. Directed Study 
(May be taken more than once if content changes.)

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