| Tropism |
Chemoorganotrophic, using
formate, acetate, propionate, butyrate, higher fatty
acids, lactate, pyruvate, alcohols, benzoate or similar
aromatic compounds as carbon sources and also as electron
donors for anaerobic respiration; these compounds are
completely oxidized to CO2. Sulfate and other oxidized
sulfur compounds serve as terminal electron acceptors and
are reduced to H2S. In the absence of an external
electron acceptor, growth occurs by fermentation of
lactate or pyruvate to acetate and propionate. Hydrogen utilizling species are autotrophic
|
| Oxygen |
Strictly anaerobic,
having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of
metabolism. Utilize protein, peptides or carbohydrates
facultatively by sulfur respiration or fermentation |
| pH |
optimum pH 6.6- 7.6 |
| Temperature |
Optimum temperature,
20-30oC occasionally 30- 35 oC |
| Requirements |
nutritional requirements are very
diverse. Many species use hydrogen, formate and higher
monocarboxylic acids up to C16 and lactate and
ethanol as electron donors. several species use aromatic
compounds such as phenyl substituted organic acids,
phenolic compounds or N-heterocylic compounds |
| Products |
|
| Enzymes |
|
| Unique
features |
sulfate and possibly sulfite and/or
thiosulfate are reduced to hydrogen sulfide |