| Actinosynnema ,(/,)/,( |
| Morphology | Actinosynnema |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram-positive. Not acid fast |
| Morphology | Fine hyphae (about 0.5 um in diameter) are differentiated into (a) substrate hyphae, long branching filaments that penetrate the agar and also grow into and form synnemata, dome-like bodies, or flat colonies on the surface of agar and (2) aerial hyphae (0.5-1.0 um in diameter) that arise from synnemata, dome-like bodies, or flat colonies. |
| Motility | The hyphae bear chains of spores capable of forming flagella in an aqueous environment. |
| Specialized structures |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Actinosynnema |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | Chemoorganotrophic. |
| Oxygen | Aerobic |
| pH | |
| Temperature | Mesophilic. |
| Requirements | |
| Products | |
| Enzymes | Catalase positive |
| Unique features | The cell wall contains major amounts of meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP), glutamic acid, alanine, glucosamine, and muramic acid. The whole- cell hydrolysate has no characteristic sugars. Phospholipids are phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Fatty acids are of the normal and branched-chain types. Menaquinones are tetra- and hexahydrogenated with nine isoprene units (MK-9(H4,H6)). |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | Most strains were isolated directly from plant tissue such as grass blades found at riversides |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Actinosynnema |
| G+C Mol % | 73.0 + 1.0 (Tm) |
| Reference | Actinosynnema |
| First citation | Hasegawa, T., M. P. Lechevalier and H. A Lechevalier 1978a a new genus of the Actinomycetales: Actinosynnema gen nov. IJSB 28: 304-310 |
| The Prokaryotes | |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 2560 Toru Hasegawa, Mary P. Lechevalier and Hubert A Lechevalier |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 693 |
| References |