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| Resource: Creswell. J. W.
(1998). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design, Choosing Among Five
Traditions. SAGE Publications. |
| Qualitative Methods |
Description of the Method |
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| Biography |
| Considers a particular individual |
| Found in literature, psychology,
history, etc. |
| Involves analyses of documents,
interviews, etc. |
| Report is characterized by details, and
the rich synthesis following the analyses. |
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| Phenomenological Study |
| Looking to grasp the essence of a
phenomenon, or the essence of one's experience of a phenomenon |
| Found in philosophy, history,
psychology, sociology... |
| Involves detailed interviews with
numerous people (perhaps 10) |
| Data are how people describe their
experiences, the meaning they attribute, and the themes which emerge... |
| Report is characterized by the capture
of the "essence" of the experience. |
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| Grounded-Theory |
| Looking to develop a theory, or
theories, from field data collected |
| Found in sociology, psychology... |
| Involves detailed interviews with
numerous people (perhaps 30) to flesh out themes, and research
questions, and then build a theory |
| Data are coded in systematic ways (Open,
Axial, and Selective...) |
| Report is characterized by the
presentation of a model or theory... |
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| An Ethnography |
| Describe a particular group--cultural,
ethnic, religious, social, etc... |
| Found in sociology, history,
anthropology... |
| Involves interviews, observations,
examination of artifacts, ... |
| Data are collected in the field over an
extended period of time... |
| Report involves description informed by
detailed notes, analysis, and synthesis |
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| Case Study |
| Analysis of a single case or
situation... |
| Found in sociology, history, psychology,
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| Data are collected from artifacts,
archives, interviews, observations, |
| Report involves description, the
elaboration of major themes, and inferences, implications and
applications of the data... |
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