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Constructivist Testing

Formative Evaluation
This occurs before or during instruction.
It helps the teacher identify weaknesses (Diagnostic).
It helps the teacher plan.
Not graded so it is low stress.
 
It helps "form" instruction and learning.
Summative Evaluation
This occurs at the end of instruction.
Shows the level of accomplishment.
It is a "summary."
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
Criterion-Referenced Evaluation  

·                      mastery criteria

·                      outcomes

·                      competencies

·                      performance level

Question answered: How well does the student do on a set of given tasks, questions, items, skills, etc.?
Score: Raw score, 25/28, 50/50; Percentage, 80% 40% etc.

Norm-Referenced Evaluation 

·                      outcomes

·                      competencies

·                      performance level

·                      knowledge

·                      attitudes

·                      skills  

Question answered: How well does the student do compared to other students in his class, or in his age group, or in his province...etc.
Score: z-score, T-score, standard score, Percentile, Stanine,...