| Actinoplanes |
| Morphology | Actinoplanes |
| CELLULAR |
| Staining | Gram- positive, although part of the vegetative growth may be Gram-negative. Non-acid-fast |
| Morphology | Produce a fine, nonfragmenting, branching mycelium;. Aerial mycelium scanty or absent. Under certain conditions, many strains have hyphae arranged in palisade formation. Highly coloured. Diffusible pigments of various colours may be produced. Spores produced within sporangia (spore vesicles), which are spherical or subspherical to very irregular, 3-20 x 6-30 um, borne on short sporangiophores or sessile, occasionally within the agar. When palisade formation is present, the sporangia are mainly produced at the tip of the palisade hyphae. Spores spherical, subspherical, or short rods, variously arranged within the sporangia, where they are formed by fragmentation of the internal hypha either directly or after one or more ramifications. Upon immersion in water, motile spores are released from the sporangia, but in some instances motility begins some time after spore release |
| Motility | Polar flagella present in motile spores |
| Specialized structures |
| Division |
| COLONIAL |
| Solid surface |
| Liquid |
| Growth Parameters | Actinoplanes |
| PHYSIOLOGICAL |
| Tropism | Chemoorganotrophic, |
| Oxygen | Aerobic The spores have microaerophilic behaviour |
| pH | |
| Temperature | mesophilic or moderately thermophilic For most, the growth temperature range is 15-35`C. |
| Requirements | Most strains do not require organic growth factors. |
| Products | |
| Enzymes | |
| Unique features | Cell wall contains mes-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) and glycine. D-xylose and L-arabinose are present in whole-cell hydrolysates. Among the phospholipids, phosphatidylethano- lamine is present, while phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, glucosamine-containing phospholipids, and phosphatidylglycerol are absent. |
| ENVIRONMENTAL |
| Habitat | |
| Lifestyle | |
| Pathogenicity |
| Distribution |
| Genome | Actinoplanes |
| G+C Mol % | 72-73 (Tm) |
| Reference | Actinoplanes |
| First citation | Couch, J.N.1950 Actinoplanes a new genus of the Actinomycetales J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc 66: 87-92 |
| Emended | Couch, J.N. 1955 A new genus and family of the Actinomycetales with a revision of the genus Actinoplanes J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc 71: 148-155 |
| The Prokaryotes | |
| Bergey's Systematatic | p 2419 |
| Bergey's Determinative | p 653 |
| References |