(Ext. 2697)
Benedict, Winfred G.; C.D., M.Phil. (Leeds), B.A. (Windsor), B.S.A., Ph.D. (Toronto), F.L.S.—1957.
Petras, Michael L.; B.Sc. (Assumption), M.Sc. (Notre Dame), Ph.D. (Michigan)—1956.
Pillay, Dathathry T. N.; B.Sc. Ag. (Osmania), M.S., Ph.D. (Cornell)—1963.
Warner, Alden H.; B.A. (Maine), M.A., Ph.D. (Southern Illinois)—1965.
Thomas, Donovan D.; B.S. (Natal), M.S., Ph.D. (Florida)—1968.
M'Closkey, Robert T.; B.A. (U.C.L.A.), M.A. (California State), Ph.D. (U. of California)—1970.
Fackrell, Hugh B.; B.Sc., M.Sc. (Western Ontario), Ph.D. (Manitoba)—1974.
Cotter, David A.; B.S. (Penn State), M.S., Ph.D. (Wisconsin)—1975.
Franklin, Mervyn; B.Sc. (Reading, England), Ph.D. (McGill)—1978.
Holder-Franklin, Maxine A.; B.Sc., M.Sc. (Dalhousie), Ph.D. (McGill)—1978.
Haffner, Gordon D.; B.Sc. (Queen's), Ph.D. (London)—1986. (Director of the Great Lakes Institute)
Lovett Doust, Jonathan N.; B.Sc. (Queen's), Ph.D. (Wales)—1988.
Lovett Doust, Lesley; B.Sc. (Edinburgh), Ph.D. (Wales)—1988.
Sale, Peter F.; B.Sc., M.A. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Hawaii)—1994. (Head of the Department)
Wallen, Donald G.; B.Sc., B. Ed. (Dalhousie), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Simon Fraser)—1970.
Taylor, Paul; B.Sc. (George Williams, Chicago), Ph.D. (Toledo)—1975.
Dufresne, Michael J. P.; B.Sc. (York), Ph.D. (Alberta)—1976.
Weis, Ivan Michael; B.Sc. (Syracuse), M.Sc., Ph.D. (Iowa)—1976.
Ciborowski, Jan J. H.; B.Sc., M.Sc.(Toronto), Ph.D. (Alberta)—1984.
Zielinski, Barbara; B.Sc., M.Sc. (Waterloo), Ph.D. (Manitoba)—1990.
Corkum, Lynda D.; B.A., M.A. (Drake), Ph.D. (Toronto)—1987.
MacIsaac, Hugh J.; B.Sc. (Windsor), M.Sc. (Toronto), Ph.D. (Dartmouth)—1992.
Leach, Joseph H.; B.Sc. (Toronto), M.Sc. (Guelph), Ph.D. (Aberdeen)—1993.
Weaver, Susan E.; B.A. (Boston), Ph.D. (Western Ontario)—1987.
Metcalfe, Christopher D.; B.Sc. (Manitoba), M.Sc. (New Brunswick), Ph.D. (McMaster)—1991.
Reynoldson, Trefor B.; B.Sc. (Leeds), M.Sc. (Calgary), Ph.D. (Lancaster)—1991.
Day, Kristin E.; B.Sc., M.Sc. (Waterloo), Ph.D. (Guelph)—1994.
Admission to Biological Sciences requires OAC Biology. A final mark of at least 70% in Biology and completion of OAC Chemistry are strongly recommended. Students' first university Biology courses would then be 55-114 and 55-115. Those without OAC Biology and who were admitted to other University programs may be allowed to substitute Biology 55-100 and 55-101 as prerequisites for Biology 55-114 and 55-115 provided that a combined grade point average of at least 8.0 is obtained in those courses. However, they will not receive credit towards the B.Sc. degree for 55-100 and 55-101.
The B.Sc. in Biological Sciences provides entry to a broad range of teaching, research, and biomedical careers. Most require formal, post-graduate training, and it is the student's responsibility to determine, as early as possible, the specific requirements of programs to which he or she wishes to proceed. (See also 5.3.5.)
The Department of Biological Sciences provides a solidly-based program ensuring that the general requirements of post-graduate programs will be fulfilled. The array of courses offered is such that students may emphasize areas of particular interest or aptitude. Advice on career paths and on course selection is available to students through the Department's mentoring program. Pursuit of the honours degree is strongly recommended and is necessary for professional advancement in science.
Courses are available to permit the student to become fully prepared for entry into medical, dental, pharmacy, and other professional schools, as well as graduate programs in the biological sciences.
Total courses: thirty.
Major requirements: twelve, including the "Core" courses 55-114, 55-115, 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213; and at least four courses at the 300 level or above. (Recommended: 55-320 and 55-341.)
Other requirements:
(a)
ten courses from the Faculty of Science, including 59-130, 59-131, 59-230, 59-261, 65-253, and at least one pair of both 64-102 and 64-103, or both 64-106 and 64-107, or both 61-100 and 61-101, or both 60-104 and 60-206. (Recommended: 62-113);
(b)
four options from the Faculties of Arts and Social Science, with at least one from each;
(c)
four courses from any department, school, or faculty.
The minimum requirement for continuation "in good standing" and for graduation from any honours program offered by the Department of Biological Sciences is a cumulative average of 5.0 and a major average of 8.0.
Undergraduate students may be allowed, with the consent of the instructor, to take one graduate course for credit.
Total courses: forty.
Major requirements: twenty courses, including the "Core" courses 55-114, 55-115, 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213; plus 55-420 or 55-424 (6.00 credit hour course); and thirteen other courses. At least nine courses must be at the 300 level or above. (Recommended: 55-320, 55-339, and 55-341.)
(a)
fourteen courses from the Faculty of Science, including 59-130, 59-131, 59-230, 59-261, 65-253, and at least one pair of both 64-102 and 64-103, or both 64-106 and 64-107, or both 61-100 and 61-101, or both 60-104 and 60-206. Two Science options must be at the 300 level or above. (Recommended: 62-113);
(b)
four options from the Faculties of Arts and Social Science, with at least one from each;
(c)
two courses from any department, school, or faculty.
Honours Biological Sciences—Co-operative Program in Great Lakes Studies
The Co-operative Program in Great Lakes Studies aims to provide students with a strong background in pure and applied aquatic ecology, emphasizing the Great Lakes ecosystem. Students will be exposed to the principles of population, community, and ecosystem ecology, as well as theories and techniques involved in assessing contamination of freshwater systems.
Students seeking admission to the Co-operative Program in Great Lakes Studies must first apply and be admitted to the Faculty of Science. By March 31 of their first year of study, students then must apply directly to the Department of Biological Sciences for admission to the Program. Applications must include academic transcripts from high schools and post-secondary institutions attended, two letters of recommendation and a letter outlining why the student wishes to enrol in the Program. Interviews will be scheduled with the best-qualified applicants. Decisions regarding admissions will be made by mid-April. Enrolment in the Program is limited.
In the summer following first year, students admitted to the program will participate in an extensive field work course. Immediately following the second year , and during the fourth year, students will participate in eight-month cooperative work placements.
A student's performance in a work term will be evaluated as either "Satisfactory" or "Unsatisfactory".
Students who obtain an evaluation of "Unsatisfactory", or who do not report for interviews, or who fail to report to an employer after accepting a work placement, or who are dismissed for cause, or who leave an employer without permission, may be required by the Academic Standing Committee to withdraw from the Co-operative Program.
A student who obtains an evaluation of "Unsatisfactory" in any two work terms will be required to withdraw from the Co-operative Program in Great Lakes Studies.
Undergraduate students may be allowed, with the consent of the instructor, to take one graduate course for credit.
Total courses: forty-three.
Major requirements: twenty-five courses, including the "Core" courses of 55-114, 55-115, 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213; plus the ecological courses: 55-234, 55-320, 55-430, 55-444, and 55-445; and the Co-op Work Term courses, 55-298, 55-299, 55-498, and 55-499; plus the research course, 55-424; and at least three of 55-243, 55-350, 55-355, 55-454, 55-455, 55-479, 55-484 and 55-485; and at least six of 55-201, 55-324, 55-325, 55-341, 55-359, 55-437, and 55-468. Course selections are to be made in consultation with the Co-op Program co-ordinator.
(a)
twelve courses from the Faculty of Science, including 59-130, 59-131, 59-230, 59-261, 60-104, 61-436, 62-113, and 65-253; plus one of 59-320 or 59-321; plus at least one pair of both 64-102 and 64-103, or both 64-106 and 64-107, or both 61-100 and 61-101;
(b)
four courses from the Faculty of Social Science. (Recommended: 42-102, 42-131, 42-327, 42-334, 42-459, and 45-201);
(c)
two courses from the Faculty of Arts. (Recommended: 26-100, 35-202, 35-212, and 35-213.)
Biological Sciences may be combined in an honours program with another discipline. For Faculty of Science regulations, see 5.3.2.
Total courses: forty.
Major requirements—Biological Sciences: fourteen courses, including the "Core" courses of 55-114, 55-115, 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213; plus 55-420 (a 6.00 credit hour course). At least five courses must be at the 300 level or above.
Major requirements—Other Subject: as prescribed by that department or school.
Other requirements:
(a)
59-130, 59-131, 59-230, 59-261, 65-253, and one pair of both 60-104 and 60-206, or both 61-100 and 61-101, or both 64-102 and 64-103, or both 64-106 and 64-107;
(b)
additional courses from any department, school, or faculty to a total of forty.
See Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 5.5.2.
See Faculty of Science, 5.3.1.
See Faculty of Science, 5.3.1.
Students must normally have completed the prerequisites indicated, but under special circumstances may be permitted to take a particular course with the consent of the instructor.
Not all courses listed will necessarily be taught each year.
Courses with Limited Enrolment: Students who require these courses as part of their program will be given preference.
Introduction to the major concepts of biology with emphasis on the chemical basis of life, the biology of cells, and the physiology of human systems as biological ideas of importance to human problems. (May not be taken for credit towards a degree in Biological Sciences. However, if student does not have credit for OAC Biology, then 55-100 and 55-101 with a combined grade point average of at least 8.0 are prerequisites for 55-114 (or 55-104). A non-science student may receive credit for only one of either both 55-100 and 55-101, or both 55-104 and 55-105, but not all four courses.) (2 lecture hours a week.)
Introduction to major concepts of biology with emphasis on human reproduction, coordination of human systems by both hormones and nerves, human genetics, and ecology as biological ideas of importance to human problems. (May not be taken for credit towards a degree in Biological Sciences. However, if a student does not have credit for OAC Biology, then 55-100 and 55-101 with a combined grade point average of at least 8.0 are prerequisites for 55-114 (or 55-104). A non-science student may receive credit for either both 55-100 and 55-101, or both 55-104 and 55-105, but not all four courses.) (2 lecture hours a week.)
Principles governing living systems; the origins and diversity of life; evolution, reproduction, and heredity; the structure and function of viruses through plants and animals; interactions of organisms with the environment. (Prerequisite: OAC Biology, or Biology 55-100 and 55-101 with a combined grade point average of at least 8.0; corequisite: 59-130 or equivalent.) (3 lecture hours a week.) (For students not majoring in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geography-Resource Management, Geology, the B.Sc. (STS), or the concurrent B.Sc. (STS)/B.Ed. program.)
Examination of the principles governing living systems, with emphasis on the molecular and cellular basis of life, molecular genetics, energetics, differentiation, and development. (Prerequisite: 55-104; corequisite: 59-131 or equivalent.) (3 lecture hours a week.) (For students not majoring in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geography-Resource Management, Geology, the B.Sc. (STS), or the concurrent B.Sc. (STS)/B.Ed. program.)
Principles governing living systems; the origins and diversity of life; evolution, reproduction, and heredity; the structure and function of viruses through plants and animals; interactions of organisms with the environment. (Prerequisite: OAC Biology, or Biology 55-100 and 55-101 with a combined grade point average of at least 8.0; corequisite: 59-130 or equivalent.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment—restricted to majors in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geography-Resource Management, and Geology, and to students in the B.Sc (STS) and concurrent B.Sc. (STS)/B.Ed. program.)
Examination of the principles governing living systems, with emphasis on the molecular and cellular basis of life, molecular genetics, energetics, differentiation, and development. (Prerequisite: 55-114; corequisite: 59-131 or equivalent.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment—restricted to majors in Biology, Biochemistry, Chemistry, Geography-Resource Management, and Geology, and to students in the B.Sc. (STS) and concurrent B.Sc. (STS)/B.Ed. program.)
The effects of humans and technology on the environment. Topics include cause-effect linkages, energy, chemicals in the environment, preservation of biodiversity. (3 lecture hours a week.)
Systemic analysis of the structure of the human body, including gross and microscopic morphology. Laboratory sessions focus on gross and microscopic morphology. (3 lecture, 2 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Introduction to human physiology: a systems approach. Topics include homeostasis and feedback control, enzymes and energy, membrane transport, metabolism, and the nervous, skeletal muscle, and cardiovascular systems. (Prerequisites: 55-100 and 55-101, or OAC Biology.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Introduction to human physiology: a systems approach. Topics include respiratory, endocrine, digestive and renal systems, and control of metabolism. (Prerequisite: 55-204 or consent of instructor.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Introduction to the major groups of microorganisms, emphasizing stucture, physiology, multiplication, and control. The major groups of pathogenic bacteria are discussed. This course is the prerequisite for all other microbiology courses. (Prerequisites: OAC Biology, or 55-100 and 55-101 with a combined grade point average of at least 8.0, or 55-114 and 55-115; corequisite: Chemistry 59-102 or 59-130.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
The biosphere as we know it is ultimately the product of plant activity. This course deals with the interactions between humans and the plant world. It discusses how these interactions originate, and how they relate to the well-being and survival of human life. (Prerequisite: OAC Biology or the equivalent.) (2 lecture hours, 1 discussion/seminar hour a week.)
Introduction to the fundamental concepts of ecology including factors affecting species distribution, reproductive strategies, population growth and regulation, species interactions, and community level organization and energetics. (Prerequisites: 55-114 and 55-115.) (3 lecture, 2 laboratory/discussion hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Mendelian genetics and chromosome mechanics, the molecular nature and action of the gene, gene mutation, recombination and linkage analysis in pro- and eukaryotes, sex determination, variation in chromosome structure and number, and an introduction to quantitative and population genetics. (Prerequisite: 55-115.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Cell and organismic physiology with emphasis on basic life processes in both plants and animals, including nutrition, metabolism, energy transformations, transport mechanisms, signal transduction, and other general functions. (Prerequisite: 55-115; corequisite: 59-261.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
The physical, chemical, and biological properties of the Great Lakes system; measures of transport and fate of contaminants in aquatic systems and food webs; changes in species abundance, composition, and distributions. Field work stresses sampling techniques and measurements of temporal and spatial variation. Students are required to complete a project and present a seminar. (Prerequisite: consent of instructor.) (2 weeks, Intersession; 26 hours lecture, 52 hours field/laboratory work, 8 hours seminar.) (Limited enrolment.)
The host-parasite interactions and pathogenicity of human microbial pathogens, with an emphasis on viral pathogens.(Prerequisite: 55-206; corequisite: 59-131 or 59-192.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
The formation and structure of antibodies. Antigens and the mechanisms of antigen-antibody interactions. (Prerequisites: 55-114 and 55-115; corequisite: 59-230.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Growth, genetics, metabolism, and diversity of prokaryotes. (Prerequisite: 55-206 or consent of instructor; corequisite: 59-230.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Growth, genetics, metabolism, and diversity of prokaryotes. (Restricted to graduates of programs in Medical Technology from a College of Applied Arts and Technology, or by consent of instructor.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Phylogeny of the chordates; comparative anatomy of key organ systems; emphasis on the anatomy of selected vertebrates in the laboratory. (Prerequisites: 55-114 and 55-115.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Taken in the Summer term of Level II. (Graded on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.) (Restricted to Great Lakes Co-op students.)
Taken in the Fall term of Level II. (Graded on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.) (Restricted to Great Lakes Co-op students.)
Introduction to the logic and principles used to develop sound and efficient studies in the biological sciences: generating, testing, and discriminating among hypotheses; dealing with unwanted sources of variation; assumptions and appropriate choice of statistical analysis. Instruction in the use of selected mainframe and microcomputer software for data analysis and presentation. (Prerequisites: 55-210, 55-211, 55-213, and 65-253, or consent of instructor.) (2 lecture, 2 laboratory/tutorial hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Topics of current interest in population theory including population growth and regulation, plant-herbivore interactions, optimal strategies of foraging, reproductive allocation, and the evolutionary responses of populations. (Prerequisites: 55-210 and 55-211.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Topics of current interest in community theory including predation and competition, species diversity and resource utilization, community energetics, and the relationship between complexity and stability of communities. (Prerequisite: 55-210.) (3 lecture hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Biology of the fungi with emphasis on their interactions with animals and plants. (Prerequisite: 55-206 or consent of instructor.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Seminar course designed to introduce students at third or fourth level to research in a variety of biological disciplines. (Prerequisites: all "Core" courses.) (2 lecture hours a week.)
Topics include the interaction of gene mutation, selection, and population characteristics in the process of evolution, mechanisms of speciation, and current problems in evolution. (Prerequisite: 55-211.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
An integration of recent findings in molecular and cell biology with those in biochemistry and genetics. The main focus will be on regulation of gene transcription, intracellular signalling, transport processes, and cell cycle events. (Prerequisites: 55-211 and 55-213.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Bacterial pathogenesis, including the processes and genetic control of human diseases. (Prerequisites: 55-243 and 59-230; corequisite: 55-242.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Cellular, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms of gametogenesis, fertilization, cleavage, and organogenesis in a variety of animal systems. A major paper is required. (Prerequisites: 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
The structure and organization of animal systems at the tissue, cellular, and subcellular levels. Contemporary techniques, including electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, and in situ hybridization are discussed. (Prerequisites: 55-211 and 55-213.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.)
Survey of major classes of the invertebrates from an evolutionary, phylogenic, and ecological perspective. Emphasis on the morphological, physiological, and behavioural adaptations that permit animals to exploit the full range of earth's habitats. (Prerequisites: 55-210, 55-211, and 55-213.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.)
Completion of an undergraduate research project, including an oral presentation at an annual colloquium and submission of written final report. (Registration and selection of supervisor will be completed with consent of the Department Head.) (10 laboratory hours a week; offered over two terms.) (A 6.00 credit hour course.)
Completion of an undergraduate research project, including an oral presentation at an annual colloquium and submission of written final report. (Registration and selection of supervisor will be completed with consent of the Department Head.) (Restricted to students who have completed 55-420.) (10 laboratory hours a week; offered over two terms.) (A 6.00 credit hour course.)
Completion of a research project based on ecological interests or concerns pertinent to the Great Lakes Basin. Oral presentation of the results at an annual colloquium, together with the submission of a written report will be required. (Restricted to Great Lakes Co-op students.) (Prerequisite: consent of the instructor.) (20 hours/week laboratory/field time for one term.) (A 6.00 credit hour course.)
The transport, fate and effects of toxic chemicals in aquatic ecosystems; food web modelling in the context of contaminant movement; risk assessment. Laboratory work will include toxicokinetics, toxicity testing, and measurements of contaminant stress. (Prerequisites: 55-210 and 55-213.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.)
A seminar/discussion course in which invited speakers will focus on current issues, management strategies, and research related to environmental management. A major paper will be required. (Prerequisite: 55-210.) (1 seminar hour, 2 discussion hours a week.)
Principles of conservation biology emphasizing population and biogeographic attributes, including genetics, habitat fragmentation, and island processes, which characterize endangered species and habitiats. Case studies of management of threatened species and habitats will be addressed. (Prerequisites: 55-210 and 55-211, or consent of instructor.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Physical and biotic structure of rivers, lakes, and oceans, including morphometry, energy processing, morphological/behavioural adaptations of organisms, and interactions among biota. (Prerequisite: 55-210.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week, 2 field trips.)
Selected aspects of the ecology of large water masses—large lakes, estuaries, and oceans. Emphasis on physical properties and chemical dynamics of aquatic systems, and on life history requirements in such systems. (Prerequisite: 55-210 or 55-234.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of cell transformation and tumor development with emphasis on the role of oncogenes and environmental factors in cell transformation, and on the cellular and molecular biology of malignantly transformed (cancerous) cells, experimental analysis and applications. A major paper and/or seminar is required. (Prerequisites: 55-211, 55-213, 59-230, 59-261, and consent of instructor.) (3 lecture hours, 1 tutorial/laboratory hour a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Analysis at the molecular level of the growth and development of prokaryotes, phages, lower eukaryotes, and their plasmids. (Prerequisites: 55-211, 55-213, 59-360 and 59-361, or consent of course coordinator.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Analysis at the molecular level of the activation and control of genes and proteins during oogenesis and early development in lower and higher eukaryotes. (Prerequisite: 55-454 or consent of course coordinator.) (3 lecture hours a week.)
Plant development and its coordination by means of hormones and other molecular signals. Molecular approaches applied to the analysis and modification of plant development will be discussed. (Prerequisite: 55-213.) (2 lecture hours, 1 seminar hour a week.)
Evolutionary and community aspects of plant interactions with other organisms and the physical environment. The course deals with plant demography at different levels: individual, population, community, and ecosystem. (Prerequisite: 55-210.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.)
Bacterial, animal, and plant viruses, with emphasis on structure, nucleic acids, and replication. Interactions between viruses and host cells. Theoretical and practical aspects. (Prerequisites: 55-243 and 59-360.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Antigens; purification and characterization of immunoglobulins and monoclonal antibodies. Immunoassays using these antibodies. (Prerequisite: 55-242; corequisite: 59-360.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Diversity of bacteria in natural habitats. Population interactions, community structure, and species diversity. Interactions between microorganisms and higher eukaryotes; biogeochemistry and biodegradation. (Prerequisites: 55-206, 55-210, 55-211, 55-213, and 55-243.) (2 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.) (Limited enrolment.)
Selected topics of current interest which may vary from year to year.
The University of Windsor is a member of the Ontario Summer Field Courses Program. Students may select and receive credit for one or more of over thirty field courses under the "Special Topics" designation. Courses are normally advertised in January. Because enrolment is limited, students should apply as early as possible. For further information, contact the Department.
Basic principles and mechanisms of general physiological controls, blood, body fluids, cardiovascular system, kidney function, and gas transport and exchange. (Prerequisites: 55-210, 55-211, 55-213.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours or equivalent a week.)
A systemic view of neural, muscular, and neuroendocrine regulation. Physiological control mechanisms at the levels of molecules through cells, neural circuits and behaviour are discussed. (Prerequisite: 55-213.) (3 lecture, 3 laboratory hours a week.)
Taken in the Winter term of Level IV. (Graded on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.) (Restricted to only Great Lakes Co-op students.)
Taken in the Summer term of Level IV. (Graded on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis.) (Restricted to only Great Lakes Co-op students.)