Affirming the Consequent: any argument of the form: If A then B,
B, therefore A
Denying the Antecedent: any argument of the form: If A then B,
Not A, thus Not B
Inconsistency: asserting that contrary or contradictory statements
are both true
You can't trust scientific knowledge if scientists fudge. Newton fudged. Therefore, ...
It doesn't follow that if some scientists fudge
data all scientific knowledge is untrustworthy.