Affirming the Consequent: any argument of the form: If A then B,
B, therefore A
Denying the Antecedent: any argument of the form: If A then B,
Not A, thus Not B
Inconsistency: asserting that contrary or contradictory statements
are both true
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You can't trust scientific knowledge if scientists fudge. Newton fudged. Therefore, ...
It doesn't follow that if some scientists fudge
data all scientific knowledge is untrustworthy.