Medical MycologyClassification of Mycoses

Hugh B. Fackrell

Filename Fungi_classi.ppt

Mycology

• Mycology: Study of fungi

• Mycoses: fungal infections

• Mytoxicosis- intoxicaton

Fungi

• Molds- filamentous
  • Penicillium, mushrooms

• Yeasts- unicellular
  • Fission yeasts
  • Budding Yeasts

• Dimorphic Fungi

Molds & Fleshy Fungi

• Thallus: filaments of cells
  • visible mycelium

• Hypha; individual filament
  • Septate hyphae
  • Coenocytic hyphae

• Growth:
  • at tip of hyphae
  • vegetative growth from fragments

Vegetative Structures

Mycelium

• Vegetative Hyphae

• Reproductive Hyphae
  • aerial hyphae above media
  • Reproductive spores

Molds: Reproduction

• Asexual
  • Grow from fragments
  • asexual spores

• Sexual
  • Sexual spores ( less frequent)
  • two strains of fungi
  • fusion of nuclei

Asexual Spores

• Conidospore
  • Arthrospore
  • Blastospore

• Chlamydospore

Conidiospore

• Asexual spore
  • Mitosis
  • Not enclosed by a SAC
  • chains

• Conidiophore: filament that forms Conidospore

ConidioSpores

• Arthrospores
  • thickened fragments of septate hyphae
  • Coccidioides

• Blastospores
  • thickened wall
  • Bud from the parent cell
  • Candida, Cryptococcus

Chlamydospores

• Asexual spore contained within hypha

Sporangium

• Sac of spores

• Sporangiospore- Spores

• Sproangiophore- aerial hypha with sporangium

Medically Important Fungi

• Deuteromycota- no sexual spores

• Zygomycota- coenocytic fungi

• Ascomycota-
  • septate
  • dust like spore

• Basidomycota
  • septate
  • fleshy base; mushrooms

Opportunistic mycoses

• Candidiasis

• Aspergillosis,

• Mucormycosis

• Phycomycosis

Superficial Fungal Infections

• Skin Infections
  • limited to Stratum corneum
  • do not penetrate deeper tissues

• No inflammation

Superficial mycoses

• Black piedra

• White piedra

• Pityriasis vericolor

• tinea nigra

Cutaneous Mycoses

• Dermatophytoses

• Dermatomycoses

Subcutaneous Mycoses

• Caused by trauma [puncture]and introduction of the fungus and bacteria.

• Chromoblasomycosis

• Phaeohypomycosis

• Mycetoma

• Sporotrichosis

Systemic or Deep Mycoses

• Histoplasmosis

• Coccidiomycosis

• Blastomycosis

• Cryptococcosis

Cryptococcosis

• Cryptococcus neoformans

• Sporadic

• Pigeons

• Meningitis form
  • fatal

Systemic Mycoses: Disease Patterns

• Subacute respiratory infection

• Acute infection

• Severe disseminated infection

Systemic Mycoses:Subacute Respiratory Infection

• Low fever

• Non-productive cough

• Mild & self limiting

Systemic Mycoses:Acute Infections

• Productive cough

• purulent sputum

• pain in chest

• Weight loss.

• night sweats

• X-ray positive

• one,many lesions

• consolidation

Differential diagnosis: pneumonia, tumour.

Systemic Mycoses:Severe Disseminated Infections

• Acute Infections +
  • spread to other organs
  • chronic

Differential diagnosis t.b.

Presentation Outline

• Disease Mechanisms

• Entry

• Adaptation

• Propagation

• Dissemination

• Host Factors

• Fungal Factors

• Classification of Mycoses

• site

• route

• virulence

• Epidemiology

• Fungal Diseases

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