Introductory Microbiology
03-55-237
updated 26/11/01

MICROBIOLOGICAL TOLERANCE (How to survive your first course in microbiology)
Microbiology is an exciting and challenging field with theoretical and practical applications. For many students, the challenge of microbiology is intimidating yet it need not be. Like many areas in biology it builds steadily from simple beginnings. If you learn not only the facts, vocabulary and concepts, but also master the problem solving process, you will be able to apply these ideas to new problems. This is the true adventure; "To boldly go where no one has gone before".

Mastery of the problem solving process improves with practice. Fortunately, you need not practice alone. Use your friends, colleagues, teaching assistants and professors as foils to develop you skills. Professor Tom Carney calls this "Liberation Learning" the true function of the university.

While the facts and vocabulary can be learned in a few "all-nighters", mastery of the concepts and processes takes time, so start early.

"Go Forth and Prosper"

General Info

COURSE PREREQUISITES : OAC Biology or 55-100 & 55-101 or 55-140 & 55-140

ANTIREQUISITE: 55-238, 55-206 you will not get credit for 237 if you already have either of these courses

COURSE DESCRIPTION Growth, genetics, structure, physiology and diversity of microbes and viruses

LECTURES Mon/Wed/Fri 9:30-10:20 Room 121 Biology Building

LABORATORY NONE!!

INSTRUCTOR Professor Hugh B. Fackrell Room 320 Biology Building Office 253-4232 ext 2705

TEXTBOOK:Microbiology and Introduction by Tortora Funke and Case 7th ed Addison Wesley Longman, Don Mill Ont. 2000 The Lecture material is cross indexed to the appropriate chapters several other textbook

Microbiology and Introduction by Tortora Funke and Case 7th ed Addison Wesley Longman, Toronto Mill Ont. 2001 Used copies should be available.

EXAMINATION DATES The dates for the mid term and lab exams are tentative. The class may reset the dates to accommodate other courses. However change of an examination date will require approval of a majority of the class and 10 days notice.

CONSULTING HOURS I will be available in BB 320 from 7:00-9:20 AM Mon, Wed,& Fri. I have an open door policy and the coffee pot is always on.

WEBSITE A Website for the course contains all the lecture presentation material, extensive detailed textual information for reference, Performance Objectives, and question databanks.

The Website is Password protected

CLASS GRADES will NOT be scaled or curved

.

Mid Term Exams

Examinations will be constructed DIRECTLY from the Performance Objectives and the Self Evaluation Questions.

A databank of all the questions is available on the website.

Examinations will be a combination of objective, short essay questions, problems, diagrams and tables.

Answers will be evaluated on organization, pertinence and clarity as well as factual content.

Representative answers will be posted on the Website.

Midterm 1 on Oct 12 at 9:30-10:20 will examine the lecture material covered from Sept 6 to Oct 1 inclusively. Reading assignments for this midterm are chapters 1,2,3,4,5.

Midterm 2 on Nov 7 at 9:30-10:20 will examine the lecture material covered from Oct 3 to Nov 2 inclusively. Reading assignments are chapter 6,7,8,20

Each midterm examination will concern the information covered since the previous examination.

Review your midterm examination as soon as the grades are posted and report any errors within ten days of when they are posted. After ten days the midterm grades will not be changed .

Exams will be remarked when requested in writing with specific reasons. A request for a remark means that the marking was flawed and the entire exam will be remarked. An remarked exam may have a similar, higher or lower grade than the original. The remarked grade replaces the original grade.

Sample Exam

55-237 Microbiology Midterm examination

Length: 50 min Date........... Student name........... Student number..........

IMPORTANT!!! This examination will NOT be marked if the agreement is not signed

General Instructions: No study materials, notes, calculators, or textbooks are allowed in the examination room. Examination proctors are not permitted to provide any help with the questions. Examination proctors will ask you to provide proper identification . Examination proctors have the right to select your seating position in the examination room and to change your seating position during the course of the examination. Examination proctors have the right to replace your examination materials during the course of the examination. Replacement of examination materials will only occur under exceptional circumstances such as errors in the exam materials, disaster, illness, washroom breaks, or suspected cheating. If replacement of examination materials occurs, DO NOT START OVER BUT CONTINUE THE EXAMINATION ON REPLACEMENT COPY. Answer the questions to the best of your ability. Answer the questions ONLY in the space provided. Information that you provide outside the allotted space will not be marked.

I have read the above general instructions and agree to comply with them

Student Signature........................................

Part A: Multiple Choice Questions These questions are taken directly from the on line interactive multiple choice quizzes which are found in the Self Evaluation Section of each topic

Final Exam

FINAL EXAMINATION : The final examination is a 3 hour examination that covers the entire course material from lectures, assigned readings and textbook. Readings for the final examination include chapter 11,12,13,27 and 28

The final Examination will be constructed DIRECTLY from the Performance Objectives and the Self Evaluation Questions for the entire course.

Answers will be evaluated on organization, pertinence and clarity as well as factual content.

55-237 MicroBiology

Final Exam

length 3 hours

Examination #……….

Student Name…………

..

Student Number…………

IMPORTANT!!! This examination will NOT be marked if this registration is not signed

General Instructions:

No study materials, notes, calculators, or textbooks are allowed in the examination room.

Examination proctors are not permitted to provide any help with the questions.

Examination proctors will ask you to provide proper identification .

Examination proctors have the right to select your seating position in the examination room and to change your seating position during the course of the examination.

Examination proctors have the right to replace your examination materials during the course of the examination. However, replacement of examination materials will only occur under exceptional circumstances such as errors in the exam materials, disaster, illness, washroom breaks, or suspected cheating.

If replacement of examination materials occurs, DO NOT START OVER BUT CONTINUE THE EXAMINATION ON REPLACEMENT COPY.

Answer the questions to the best of your ability. Answer the questions ONLY in the space provided. Information that you provide outside the allotted space will not be marked.

I have read the above general instructions and agree to comply with them

Student Signature........................................

THIS EXAMINATION HAS FOUR  PARTS

Part A; (40 Marks)

Multiple Choice Questions.

Answer on the Markex answer Sheet

Part B  (30 Marks)

 Definitions: Answer in the spaces provided in the exam booklet

Part C: (30 Marks)

Written Answers : Answer in the space provided in the examination booklet

Part D: (40 marks)

Overview questions: Answer in the space provided in sentence form

PART A

MUTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Examination #……….

Student Name…………

..

Student Number…………

Answer on the markex sheet.

Part A  has 20 questions each worth 2 marks for a total of 40 marks

Question 1:"A primary difference between cyanobacteria and purple and  green phototrophic bacteria is

 A) Energy source.

 B) Cell wall type.

 C) Oxygen production.

 D) Cell type.

 E) Color.

Question 2: Bergey's Manual divides the Kingdom Procaryotae into four  divisions. They are

         A) Rods, cocci, spirochetes, and vibroids.

         B) Chemoheterotrophs, chemoautotrophs, photoheterotrophs,

         and photoautotrophs.

         C) Gram-positive, gram-negative, archaea, and wall-less

         bacteria.

         D) Gram-positive, gram-negative, photosynthetic, and

         pathogenic.

         E) None of the above.

Question 3: The bacteria responsible for more infections and more different  kinds of infections are

         A) Streptococcus.

         B) Staphylococcus.

         C) Salmonella.

         D) Pseudomonas.

         E) Neisseria.

Question 4: Archaea differ from the gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci  because archaea

         A) Are neither rods nor cocci.

         B) Are not aerobic.

         C) Lack peptidoglycan.

         D) Lack nuclei.

         E) None of the above.

Question 5: Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Pasteurella are put together in

         Bergey's Manual because they are all

         A) Pathogens.

         B) Gram-negative facultatively anaerobic rods.

         C) Gram-positive aerobic cocci.

         D) Fermentative.

         E) None of the above.

Question 6: Thermoplasma is often classified with the mycoplasmas because they both

         A) Lack cell walls.

         B) Have nuclei.

         C) Require high temperatures.

         D) Have flagella.

         E) None of the above.

Question 7: Borrelia is classified with the spirochetes because it

         A) Is aerobic.

         B) Possesses an axial filament.

         C) Is a rod.

         D) Is a pathogen.

         E) None of the above.

Question 8: All of the following arthropods transmit diseases while sucking blood from a human host except

 A) Lice.

 B) Fleas.

 C) Houseflies.

 D) Mosquitoes.

 E) Kissing bugs.

Question 9: All of the following statements about algae are true except

 A) They use light as their energy source.

 B) They use CO2 as their carbon source.

 C) They produce oxygen from hydrolysis of water.

 D) All are unicellular.

 E) Some are capable of sexual reproduction.

Question 10: A nucleated, unicellular organism; when you change the  incubation temperature, it forms filaments with sporangia.

 A) Fungus

 B) Cellular slime mold

 C) Tapeworm

 D) Acellular slime mold

 E) Bacterium

Question 11:  Ringworm is caused by a(n)

 A) Ascomycete.

 B) Cestode.

 C) Nematode.

 D) Protozoan.

 E) Trematode.

Question 12 Yeast infections are caused by

 A) Aspergillus.

 B) Candida albicans.

 C) Histoplasma.

 D) Penicillium.

 E) Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Question 13 In which of the following ways do viruses differ from bacteria?

 A) Viruses are filterable.

 B) Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.

 C) Viruses don't have any nucleic acid.

 D) Viruses are not composed of cells.

 E) All of the above.

Question 14: Which of the following is not true about spikes?

 A) They are used for penetration.

 B) They are used for absorption.

 C) They may cause hemagglutination.

 D) They are only found on enveloped viruses.

 E) None of the above.

Question 15: Which of the following is not used as a criterion to classify  viruses?

 A) Number of capsomeres

 B) Morphology

 C) Nucleic acid

 D) Size

 E) Biochemical tests

Question 16 : The definition of lysogeny is

 A) Phage DNA is incorporated into host cell DNA.

 B) Lysis of the host cell due to a phage.

 C) The period during replication when virions are not present.

 D) When the burst time takes an unusually long time.

 E) None of the above.

Question 17: Which of the following would be the first step in biosynthesis of a

 virus with a - strand of RNA?

 A) Synthesis of DNA from an RNA template

 B) Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from an RNA template

 C) Synthesis of double-stranded RNA from a DNA template

 D) Transcription of mRNA from DNA

 E) None of the above

Question 18:  The release of most bacteriophage from the host cell is by:

 A) Reverse phagocytosis.

 B) Cell lysis.

 C) Budding.

 D) The production of prophage.

 E) Phagocytosis.

Question 19: The term lysogenic conversion refers to:

 A) A lysogenic infection that becomes lytic.

 B) Hydrolysis of the bacterial peptidoglycan.

 C) The attachment of a phage to the bacterial pilus.

 D) The acquisition by bacteria of new genetic characteristics coded by prophage DNA.

 E) A and B.

Question 20: To which of the following groups does Clostridium belong?

 A) Endospore-forming rods and cocci

 B) Mycobacteria

 C) Gram-negative aerobic rods and cocci

 D) Anaerobic gram-negative rods

 E) None of the above

PART B

DEFINITIONS

Examination #……….

Student Name…………

..

Student Number…………

Question 21 Define or explain  the following terms

ANSWER IN THE SPACE PROVIDED

Answer in sentence forms. Only answers provided in sentence form will be marked

Each answer is worth 3 marks, For each definition 2 marks will be given for the definition, 1 mark will be given for use of  an example or use of the term in context

Spirochetes

Rickettsias

Mycoplasma

Streptococcus

 Mycobacterium

capsomere

peplomer

burst size

Siglum

Viroid

PART C

WRITTEN ANSWERS

Examination #……….

Student Name…………

..

                                                                                                                      Student Number…………

Question 22: (10 marks)

How do viruses differ from bacteria?

Or

Compare viral penetration by endocytosis and by fusion.

Question 23: (10 marks) How do fungal colonies differ from bacterial colonies?

 Or

List the defining characteristics of the Deutromycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and basidomycota

Why are actinomycetes classified as eubacteria and not fungi?

Question 24: (10 marks) Why are actinomycetes classified as eubacteria and not fungi?

Or

Distinguish between anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria

Part D

Overview Questions

Question 25 (20 marks)

Throughout the course there have been examples of an organism that was first classified as belonging to one group and then later reclassified as belonging to another group. For example Epulopiscium fishelsoni  was first classified as a protozoan but now it is classified with the eubacteria. Cyanobacteria were originally classified with the algae. Streptomyces and Actinomyces were orginally classified with fungi.   Initially it seems microbiologists either can't make up their minds or don't know what they are doing. Discuss the problem of classification of microbes

Or

Compare the parameters that are used to classify fungi with those that are used to classify bacteria

Questions 26 (20  Marks)  Serial  symbiosis was a concept that was described early in the semester and then revisited several times. Draw on examples from your textbook or class notes to show that this process still ongoing

Or

Compare bacteria ,bactriophage, viroids, and prions in their methods of replication

Lecture Sequence

NOTES: Topic #:= number on the Website Assigned Reading: Tortora 7th ed Microbiology An Introduction

.