Nonspecific Defenses of the Host

Readings Lectures Outline Objectives Key Terms Multiple Choice Questions Questions Updated 13/02/01
Thinking is the hardestwork in the world;
and most of us will go to great lengths to avoid it
Louise Dudley
  Stimulus-Response Stimulus Response
Don't you ever think?

 

Who am I? I was born in England but worked mainly in Switzerland. I received the 1984 Nobel prize for my theoretical work on the immune system. I developed the network theory of antibody production and described the selective theory of antibody formation

 

 

 

Non Specific Defenses of the host
Baron
Medical Microbiology
Chapter 1 Immunology Overview
 Brock 9th Ed
Biology of Microorganisms
Chapt 20 Concepts of Immunology

Chap 21: Clinical and Diagnostic Microbiology
and Immunology
Tortora:
Microbiology An Introduction
Chapt 16: NonSpecific Defenses
of the host		 Jacquelyn Black 4th Ed
Microbiology:
Principles & Explorations
Chap 16: Nonspecific Host Defenses
Presentation Slides Web Animation Download
Non Specific defenses  

 

OUTLINE/SUMMARY

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

1.Appreciate three functions of the immune system
2.Distinguish between innate immunity and acquired immunity
3.Discuss how the clonal selective theory explains the immune systems's ability to recognize millions of antigens
5.Describe the basic structural and functional components of the immune system

 

KEY TERMS:
Innate immunity Phagocytosis Inflammation Skin
Complement Lysozyme Interferon (INF) epidermis
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) NK Cells NK Cells and TNF keratin
non specific immunity phagocytes monocytes lacrimal apparatus
neutrophils natural killer cells Null cells, ciliary escalator
chemotaxis diapedesis primary exposure transferrins
secondary exposure immunological memory sebum plasma
granulocyte leukocyte basophils eosinophils
macrophage wandering macrophage fixed macrophage lymphocyte
chemotaxis adherence oposonization phagosome
phagolysosome inflammation vasodilation histamine
kinins prostaglandins margination pavementing
emigration serum cytolysis membrane attack complex
inteferons antiviral proteins    
 

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

  1. One of the functions of the immune system is surveillance. What can happen to the host if surveillance is naturally or artificially suppressed?
  2. Why was the discovery of DNA structure important in describing the development of humoral immunity?
  3. Why are humans resistant to many animal diseases; for example canine distemper, feline leukemia, and cowpox?
  4. Differentiate and discuss the characteristics of innate immunity from those of acquired immunity.
  5. Describe the role of complement in innate immunity
  6. Differentiate natural killer cells from B cells and T cells
  7. Describe the stages of phagocytosis and its regulation
  8. Describe the stages of inflammation and its regulation
  9. Describe the role and mechanism of action of interferons in the cancer immunotherapy
  10. Describe the role of complement in innate immunity
  11. Describe the role of innate immunity during a primary exposure
  12. Describe the role of innate immunity during a secondary exposure
  13. Describe the mechanism of action of lysozyme
  14. Describe the role and mechanism of action of interferons in the inflammatory response
  15. Describe the role and mechanism of action of interferons in the virus infections
  16. Describe the cause and effects of fever
  17. Describe phagocyte migration
  18. Describe the roles of vasodilation, kinins, prostoglandins and leukotriens in inflammation.
  19. Describe the process of phagocytosis and include the stages of adherence and ingestion
  20. describe the role of the skin and mucous membranes in nonspecific resistance
  21. Differentiate betweeen mechanism and chemical factors of non specific resistance and list fice examples of each
  22. Draw and label a diagram that shows 7 stages in the mechanism of phagocytosis in a phagocyte
  23. Describe three consequences of complement activation
  24. Describe five different types of white blood cells and name a function of each cell type.
  25. Why is inflammation beneficial to the body?
  26. Summarize the major outcomes of complement activation.
  27. How is the complement system activated by bacterial endotoxin in the blood stream? How does endottoxic shock result in massive host cell destruction?
  28. A variety of drugs with the ability to reduce inflammation are available. Comment on the danger of misuse of these antiinflammatory drugs.
  29. People with Rhinovirus infections of the nose and throat have an 80 fold increase in kinins and no increase in histamine. What so you expect for rhinoviral symptoms? What disease is caused by rhinoviruses?
  30. The neutrophils of individuals with Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) have fewer than normal chemotactic receptors and lysosomes that sponatneously rupture. What are the consequences of CHS?