A strange thing has occurred in America.
I am not sure that it has
ever occurred before. The teachers wish to make learning easy.
They desire to peptonize and sweeten the food. Their little books
are soft biscuit for weak teeth, easy reading on great subjects;
but these books are filled with a pervading error; they contain
a subtle perversion of education. Learning is not easy but hard.
John Jay Chapman
Who am I? I
studied the structure of antibodies and developed the first
plausible model of the IgG molecule for which I received the
Nobel Prize in 1972,
ANTIBODY
STRUCTURE : shows the primary and secondary structure of
immunoglobulins
| Presentation |
Slide show |
Web animation |
Download |
| Immunoglobulin Structure |
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| 3D Structure of Immunoglobulins |
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3 DIMENSIONAL
ANTIBODY STRUCTURE : shows the 3D fine structure of
immunoglobulins
- Hybridoma Data Bank at ATTC.
- Monoclonal antibodies
URL -->
http://www.atcc.org:80/hdb/hdb.html
- Research Diagnostics, Inc.
- Alphabetical Index of monoclonal and polyclonal
antibodies at Research Diagnostics, Inc.
URL
--> http://www.researchd.com/absort.htm
- Therapeutic Immunology Group at Oxford
University, UK.
- This is a site with information about therapeutic
antibodies.
URL -->
http://www.molbiol.ox.ac.uk/www/pathology/tig/welcome.html
- Gallery of Immune Molecule Structures
- This site contains a wide range of images immune
molecule structures.
URL -->
http://www.umass.edu/microbio/rasmol/galmz.htm#abag
CHAPTER 5: pp 107-142
- Basic Structure
- Immunoglobulin Sequencing Studies
- Immunoglobulin Fine Structure
- B Cell Receptor
- Antigenic Determinants of Igs
- Ig Classes
- Immunoglobulin Superfamily
- Monoclonal Antibodies (MABS)
DEFINE THE FOLLOWING KEY TERMS:
| allotypes |
allotypic determinants |
Am determinants |
| Gm determinants |
Km determinants |
Bence Jones proteins |
| Antibodies |
immunoglobulin classes |
antibody subclasses |
| Fab fragment |
constant region (C |
Fab' fragment |
| F(ab')2 fragment |
Framework residues (FR) |
Fc fragment |
| Heavy chain |
hinge regions |
chimeric antibodies |
| hybridoma |
hypervariable regions (HVRs) |
idiotypic determinants |
| idiotypes |
complematrarity determining regions(CDRs) |
variable regions (V) |
| immunoglobulins |
Hypoxantinine-Aminoopterin-Thymidine medium (HAT) |
immunoglobulin domains |
| isotype |
isotypic determinants |
joining chain (J) |
| Light chain |
monoclonal antibodies, |
multiple myeloma |
| Secretory IgA |
Segmental flexibility |
|
ON COMPLETION OF THIS SECTION THE STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
- Distinguish between the overall structure and the fine
structure of immunoglobulins
- Describe the variable and constant regions of
immunoglobulins light and heavy chains
- Explain the structural organization of the variable
regions of an immunoglobulins light and heavy chains
- Differentiate between Hypervariable regions and
complementarity determining regions
- Contrast monoclonal antibody production vs polyclonal
antibody production
- Discuss the differences in the biological effector
functions of the different classes of immunoglobulins
- Diagram the procedure for monoclonal antibody production
- Construct a table comparing the biological
characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins
- Construct a table comparing the biochemical and
biophysical characteristics of the five classes of
immunoglobulins
- The analysis of IgG molecules after hydrolysis by pepsin
and papain led to similar yet different results. Explain.
- What is the difference between and immunoglobulin and a
myeloma protein?
- Why were myeloma proteins and Bence Jones proteins
critical to the early studies on antibody structure? What
has largely replaced them?
- Differentiate among, complementarity determining regions,
hypervariable regions and framework regions.
- Explain the statements:
- "Antibodies can be antigens" and
- "Antibodies can be used to characterize
antibodies".
- Discuss the terms immunoglobulin isotypes, immunoglobulin
allotypes and immunoglobulin idiotypes and give examples
of each.
- Compare conventional antibody production with monocloanl
antibody production and recombinant antibody production.
- What are antibody domains?
- Why can't light chains be used to classify antibodies?
- The function of an immunoglobulin molecule is related to
its structure. Explain.
- Different cellular fusion products can potentially occur
in a hybridoma fusion.
- What are the potential products?
- Why are they a problem?
- How can you obtain the appropriate combination?
- Distinguish between idiotypes and anti-idiotypes.